Department of Health Sciences II, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012 Feb;13(2):136-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2010.05.007. Epub 2010 Oct 2.
The main objectives of the current study were (1) to describe the prevalence of disability according to sociodemographic features, self-perceived health status, comorbidity, and lifestyle habits; (2) to determine factors associated with disability in men and women; and (3) to study the time trends prevalence of disability in the period 2000 to 2007.
We analyzed data taken from the Spanish National Health Surveys conducted in 2001 (n = 21,058), 2003 (n = 21,650), and 2006 (n = 29,478). For the current study, we included answers from adults aged 65 years and older. The main variable was disability including basic activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs (IADLs), and mobility disability. We stratified the adjusted models by the main variables. We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics, self-perceived health status, lifestyle habits, and comorbid conditions using multivariate logistic regression models.
The total number of individuals aged 65 years and older was 18,325 (11,346 women, 6,979 men). Women were significantly older than men in all the surveys (P < .001). Women showed higher prevalence of disability (ADL, IADL, and mobility) as compared with men in all surveys. Time trends in the total disability prevalence and whole age range showed a significant increase from 2000 to 2007 in both men and women (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.1-1.7), particularly in individuals with older age. The variables significantly associated with a higher likelihood of reporting ADL and IADL disability were age older than 84, lower educational level, 2 or more comorbid chronic conditions, obesity (only in women), sleeping more than 8 hours per day, and not practicing physical exercise. Finally, variables that increased the probability of having mobility disability were age older than 84 years, lower educational level, 2 or more comorbid chronic conditions, and not practicing physical exercise. In addition, subjects with disability had a worse self-reported health status.
The current study revealed an increase in disability from 2000 to 2007 in the older Spanish population. We found that age older than 84 years, lower education levels, obesity, not practicing physical activity and sleeping more than 8 hours per day were associated with higher disability. Individuals with disability reported a worse self-perceived health status and a greater number of comorbid conditions.
本研究的主要目的是：(1) 描述残疾的流行率，根据社会人口统计学特征、自我感知的健康状况、合并症和生活方式习惯；(2) 确定男女残疾相关因素；(3) 研究 2000 年至 2007 年残疾的时间趋势流行率。
我们分析了 2001 年(n=21058)、2003 年(n=21650)和 2006 年(n=29478)西班牙国家健康调查的数据。对于本研究，我们纳入了年龄在 65 岁及以上的成年人的答案。主要变量是残疾，包括基本日常生活活动(ADL)、工具性日常生活活动(IADL)和行动不便。我们按主要变量对调整后的模型进行分层。我们使用多变量逻辑回归模型分析了社会人口统计学特征、自我感知的健康状况、生活方式习惯和合并症。
共有 18325 名 65 岁及以上的人(女性 11346 人，男性 6979 人)。在所有调查中，女性均显著比男性年长(P<.001)。在所有调查中，女性的残疾(ADL、IADL 和行动不便)患病率均显著高于男性。2000 年至 2007 年间，总残疾患病率和整个年龄范围的时间趋势均呈显著上升趋势，男性和女性均呈上升趋势(OR 1.13，95%CI 1.1-1.7)，尤其是年龄较大的个体。与报告 ADL 和 IADL 残疾的可能性较高相关的变量是年龄大于 84 岁、教育程度较低、2 种或以上合并慢性疾病、肥胖(仅女性)、每天睡眠超过 8 小时、不进行体育锻炼。最后，增加行动不便概率的变量是年龄大于 84 岁、教育程度较低、2 种或以上合并慢性疾病和不进行体育锻炼。此外，有残疾的人自我报告的健康状况更差。
本研究显示，西班牙老年人口的残疾率从 2000 年至 2007 年有所上升。我们发现，84 岁以上、教育程度较低、肥胖、不进行体育锻炼和每天睡眠超过 8 小时与较高的残疾有关。有残疾的人自我报告的健康状况较差，合并症较多。
