Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2011 Nov;23(11):3515-28. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00015. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
Everyday experience affords us many opportunities to learn about objects through multiple senses using physical interaction. Previous work has shown that active motor learning of unisensory items enhances memory and leads to the involvement of motor systems during subsequent perception. However, the impact of active motor learning on subsequent perception and recognition of associations among multiple senses has not been investigated. Twenty participants were included in an fMRI study that explored the impact of active motor learning on subsequent processing of unisensory and multisensory stimuli. Participants were exposed to visuo-motor associations between novel objects and novel sounds either through self-generated actions on the objects or by observing an experimenter produce the actions. Immediately after exposure, accuracy, RT, and BOLD fMRI measures were collected with unisensory and multisensory stimuli in associative perception and recognition tasks. Response times during audiovisual associative and unisensory recognition were enhanced by active learning, as was accuracy during audiovisual associative recognition. The difference in motor cortex activation between old and new associations was greater for the active than the passive group. Furthermore, functional connectivity between visual and motor cortices was stronger after active learning than passive learning. Active learning also led to greater activation of the fusiform gyrus during subsequent unisensory visual perception. Finally, brain regions implicated in audiovisual integration (e.g., STS) showed greater multisensory gain after active learning than after passive learning. Overall, the results show that active motor learning modulates the processing of multisensory associations.
日常经验为我们提供了许多通过物理交互作用，使用多种感官来学习物体的机会。先前的工作表明，对单一感觉项目进行主动运动学习可以增强记忆，并在随后的感知中涉及运动系统。然而，主动运动学习对随后的多感觉关联的感知和识别的影响尚未被研究过。在一项 fMRI 研究中，有 20 名参与者参与了这项研究，该研究探讨了主动运动学习对随后的单一感觉和多感觉刺激处理的影响。参与者通过对物体进行自我生成的动作或观察实验者进行动作，暴露于新物体和新声音之间的视动关联中。在暴露后，立即使用单一感觉和多感觉刺激进行关联感知和识别任务，收集准确性、反应时间和 BOLD fMRI 测量值。视听关联和单一感觉识别的反应时间因主动学习而提高，视听关联识别的准确性也因主动学习而提高。与被动组相比，主动组新旧关联之间运动皮层激活的差异更大。此外，与被动学习相比，主动学习后视觉和运动皮层之间的功能连接更强。主动学习还导致在随后的单一感觉视觉感知中，梭状回的激活增加。最后，涉及视听整合的脑区（例如，STS）在主动学习后比被动学习后的多感觉增益更大。总的来说，结果表明主动运动学习调节了多感觉关联的处理。
