Baird Andrew D
Department of Pediatric Surgery/Urology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 2011 May;20(2):109-12. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.12.006.
The bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy complex is a spectrum of genitourinary malformations requiring multiple major reconstructive operations on each affected child. The need for surgical correction in this condition often continues through adolescence and into adulthood. Experience in caring for individuals with exstrophy-epispadias has taught us a great deal about the long-term functional, psychological, and social outcomes involved. Children undergoing repeated hospital admissions and extensive multiple operations have the potential for long-term adjustment problems with incontinence, ambulatory difficulties, psychological disturbance, sexual dysfunction, and issues surrounding self-esteem and social integration. By examining relevant published works from the world literature over the last 20 years, in this article we address with each of these areas and offers some insight into the ongoing issues.
膀胱外翻-尿道上裂-泄殖腔外翻综合征是一系列泌尿生殖系统畸形，每个患病儿童都需要多次重大重建手术。这种情况下的手术矫正需求通常会持续到青春期乃至成年期。照顾膀胱外翻-尿道上裂患者的经验让我们对其中涉及的长期功能、心理和社会结果有了很多了解。经历反复住院和多次大型手术的儿童有可能出现长期适应问题，包括尿失禁、行走困难、心理障碍、性功能障碍以及围绕自尊和社会融入的问题。通过研究过去20年世界文献中的相关已发表作品，在本文中我们探讨了这些领域中的每一个，并对当前问题提供了一些见解。
