College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2100 Main Street, Stevens Point, WI 54481-3897, USA.
J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(12):1854-9. doi: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60331-4.
Groundwater contamination due to pesticide applications on agricultural lands is of great environmental concern. The mathematical models help to understand the mechanism of pesticide leaching in soils towards groundwater. We developed a user-friendly model called ArcPRZM-3 by integrating widely used Pesticide Root Zone Model version 3 (PRZM-3) using Visual Basic and Geographic Information System (GIS) based Avenue programming. ArcPRZM-3 could be used to simulate pesticide leaching towards groundwater with user-friendly input interfaces coupled with databases of crops, soils and pesticides. The outputs from ArcPRZM-3 could be visualized in user-friendly formats of tables, charts and maps. In this study we evaluated ArcPRZM-3 model by simulating bentazon leaching in soil towards groundwater. ArcPRZM-3 was applied to 37 sites in Woodruff County, Arkansas, USA to observe the daily average dissolved bentazon concentration for soybean, sorghum and rice at a depth of 1.8 m for a period of two years. Nineteen ranks of bentazon leaching potential were obtained using ArcPRZM-3 for all sites having different soil and crop combinations. ArcPRZM-3 simulation results for bentazon were compatible with the field monitored data in term of relative ranking and trend, although some uncertainties exist. This study indicated that macropore flow mechanism would be important in analyzing the effect of irrigation on groundwater contamination due to pesticides. Overall, ArcPRZM-3 could be used to simulate pesticide leaching towards groundwater more efficiently and effectively as compared to PRZM-3.
由于农业用地施药而导致的地下水污染是一个非常令人关注的环境问题。数学模型有助于了解农药在土壤中向地下水淋溶的机理。我们通过将广泛使用的农药根区模型第 3 版（PRZM-3）与基于可视化 Basic 和地理信息系统（GIS）的 Avenue 编程集成，开发了一个名为 ArcPRZM-3 的用户友好型模型。ArcPRZM-3 可用于模拟农药向地下水的淋溶，其用户友好的输入界面与作物、土壤和农药数据库相结合。ArcPRZM-3 的输出可以以表格、图表和地图等用户友好的格式可视化。在本研究中，我们通过模拟苯达松在土壤中向地下水的淋溶来评估 ArcPRZM-3 模型。ArcPRZM-3 应用于美国阿肯色州伍德拉夫县的 37 个地点，用于观察两年期间大豆、高粱和水稻在 1.8 米深处的每日平均溶解苯达松浓度。使用 ArcPRZM-3 为所有具有不同土壤和作物组合的地点获得了 19 个苯达松淋溶潜力等级。ArcPRZM-3 对苯达松的模拟结果在相对等级和趋势方面与田间监测数据相吻合，尽管存在一些不确定性。本研究表明，在分析灌溉对农药引起的地下水污染的影响时，大孔流机制将是重要的。总体而言，与 PRZM-3 相比，ArcPRZM-3 可更有效地模拟农药向地下水的淋溶。
