LaRosa Christopher, Meyers Kevin
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Med Liban. 2010 Jul-Sep;58(3):132-6.
The diagnosis of hypertension in children relies upon blood pressure distribution tables adjusted for gender, age, and height. Unlike in adults, specific blood pressure levels corresponding to long-term adverse outcomes in children have not been established. However, there are known surrogate markers of target organ injury associated with elevated blood pressure, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, retinal changes, thickening of the carotid artery wall, cognitive changes, and even evidence of early atherosclerosis. Moreover there is corroboration that hypertension in children predicts adult hypertension.In view of the global childhood obesity epidemic, in conjunction with the well-established association of obesity and hypertension, evaluation of blood pressure in the pediatric population has become an important health concern. With this insight, efforts continue worldwide to accurately measure, determine prevalence and monitor recent trends of hypertension in children and adolescents.
儿童高血压的诊断依赖于根据性别、年龄和身高调整的血压分布表。与成人不同，尚未确定与儿童长期不良后果相对应的特定血压水平。然而，已知有与血压升高相关的靶器官损伤替代标志物，如左心室肥厚、视网膜变化、颈动脉壁增厚、认知变化，甚至早期动脉粥样硬化的证据。此外，有证据证实儿童高血压可预测成人高血压。鉴于全球儿童肥胖流行，再加上肥胖与高血压之间已明确的关联，对儿科人群进行血压评估已成为一项重要的健康问题。有了这一认识，全球范围内仍在继续努力准确测量、确定患病率并监测儿童和青少年高血压的近期趋势。
