Chapman R S, Bird E K, Schwartz S E
University of Wisconsin-Madison.
J Speech Hear Disord. 1990 Nov;55(4):761-70. doi: 10.1044/jshd.5504.761.
Fast mapping of novel words for objects was compared in 48 children and adolescents with Down syndrome (ages 5:6-20:6), who were delayed in expressive language acquisition compared to mental age, and 48 normally developing children matched for mental age (chronological ages 2:0-6:0). Normal and Down syndrome groups did not differ in their ability to infer a connection between the novel word and referent (100% vs. 100%), to comprehend the novel word after a single exposure (83% vs. 73%), and to recall the location in which they hid the novel referent (83% vs. 75%). Nor did they differ in their ability to produce the novel word correctly (at least two out of three phonemes in order: 48% vs. 40%). When retested after an hour of other activity, only the production task showed a significant, and comparable, decrement. Comparing youngest and oldest quarters of each group showed improved memory for location in both, improved comprehension in the Down syndrome group, and improved production in the control group. Adults (n = 12), in contrast, performed perfectly on all tasks except the delayed word production. Neither intelligibility differences nor use of real word labels accounts for the failure to find a difference between groups. Fast mapping skills were unrelated to expressive language deficit in these children with Down syndrome.
对48名唐氏综合征儿童和青少年（年龄5岁6个月至20岁6个月）与48名心理年龄匹配的正常发育儿童（实际年龄2岁至6岁）进行了比较，前者在表达性语言习得方面相对于心理年龄有所延迟。正常组和唐氏综合征组在推断新单词与所指对象之间的联系（100%对100%）、单次接触后理解新单词（83%对73%）以及回忆他们隐藏新所指对象的位置（83%对75%）的能力上没有差异。他们在正确说出新单词的能力上（三个音素中至少两个按顺序：48%对40%）也没有差异。在进行一小时的其他活动后重新测试时，只有说出任务显示出显著且相当的下降。比较每组最年幼和最年长的四分之一人群发现，两组在位置记忆方面都有所改善，唐氏综合征组在理解方面有所改善，对照组在说出方面有所改善。相比之下，成年人（n = 12）在除延迟说出单词任务外的所有任务上表现完美。可理解性差异和真实单词标签的使用都不能解释未发现组间差异的原因。在这些唐氏综合征儿童中，快速映射技能与表达性语言缺陷无关。
