Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2011 May;25(3):236-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01192.x.
Many studies have examined the role of neighbourhood environment on birth outcomes but, because of differences in study design and modelling techniques, have found conflicting results. Seven databases were searched (1900-2010) for multi-level observational studies related to neighbourhood and pregnancy/birth. We identified 1502 articles of which 28 met all inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was used to examine the association between neighbourhood income and low birthweight. Most studies showed a significant association between neighbourhood factors and birth outcomes. A significant pooled association was found for the relationship between neighbourhood income and low birthweight [odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.20] whereby women who lived in low income neighbourhoods had significantly higher odds of having a low birthweight infant. This body of literature was found to consistently document significant associations between neighbourhood factors and birth outcomes. The consistency of findings from observational studies in this area indicates a need for causal studies to determine the mechanisms by which neighbourhoods influence birth outcomes.
许多研究都探讨了社区环境对生育结果的影响，但由于研究设计和建模技术的差异，得出的结果相互矛盾。为了寻找与社区和妊娠/分娩相关的多水平观察性研究，我们检索了七个数据库（1900-2010 年）。我们共确定了 1502 篇文章，其中 28 篇符合所有纳入标准。采用荟萃分析来检验社区收入与低出生体重之间的关系。大多数研究表明，社区因素与生育结果之间存在显著关联。社区收入与低出生体重之间存在显著的关联[比值比=1.11，95%置信区间：1.02，1.20]，这表明居住在低收入社区的女性生出低体重婴儿的几率显著更高。这组文献一致表明，社区因素与生育结果之间存在显著关联。这一领域的观察性研究结果的一致性表明，需要进行因果研究来确定社区影响生育结果的机制。
