Murphy Fiona
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
Br J Nurs. 2011;20(4):S6, S8, S10 passim. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2011.20.Sup11.S6.
Renal vascular access is pivotal in the care of the haemodialysis patient; however, it remains a significant challenge to maintain vascular access in the dialysis population. There are a number of renal vascular accesses in use: arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, and central venous catheter, with the arteriovenous fistula being the ideal choice. Poor vascular access can lead to serious consequences for patients, resulting in morbidity and even mortality. There are also significant cost implications for healthcare providers in terms of hospital admissions, and other associated costs for patients who are admitted late for vascular access referral or as a result of associated complications of vascular access. The nurse and other members of the healthcare team are fundamental in the management of a patient's renal vascular access.
肾血管通路对于血液透析患者的护理至关重要；然而，在透析人群中维持血管通路仍然是一项重大挑战。目前使用的肾血管通路有多种：动静脉内瘘、动静脉移植物和中心静脉导管，其中动静脉内瘘是理想选择。血管通路不佳会给患者带来严重后果，导致发病甚至死亡。对于医疗服务提供者而言，在医院住院方面也有重大成本影响，对于因血管通路转诊延迟或因血管通路相关并发症而住院的患者还会产生其他相关费用。护士和医疗团队的其他成员在患者肾血管通路的管理中起着至关重要的作用。
