年轻高血压患者的心血管风险特征：OPENJOVEN 研究。

Unidad de Hipertensión, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.

Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012 Jun;19(3):534-40. doi: 10.1177/1741826711406202. Epub 2011 Apr 7.

BACKGROUND

Knowledge of the hypertensive patient's characteristics is an important aspect to improve its clinical handling. Because of the burden that the patients of advanced age suppose in primary care, few data exist about the youngest patient's cardiovascular profile.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the cardiovascular profile of the young hypertensive patient (<55 years) in primary care in Spain.

DESIGN AND METHODS

Cross-sectional multicentre study that was carried out in centres of primary care of the whole Spanish territory. At total of 2108 doctors participated and 6815 patients diagnosed with high blood pressure were included. We used a survey of risk factors, subclinical organ damage, and cardiovascular or renal established disease according to the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology 2007 guidelines to evaluate the cardiovascular risk.

RESULTS

Of the hypertensive patients, 5.8% did have not another cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF), 23.2% had one risk factor associated with high blood pressure, 32.8% two, 24.7% three, 11.3% four, and 2.3% had five risk factors. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was dyslipidaemia, found in 80.4% (37.9% with treatment), followed by abdominal obesity, in 45.9% of the hypertensive patients. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 44.4%. The cardiovascular risk was average in 0.2% of the sample, low in 5%, moderate in 26.1%, high in 47.3%, and very high in 21.4%.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrates that newly diagnosed young hypertensive patients have an intense association of CVRF and a high cardiovascular risk.

背景

了解高血压患者的特征是改善其临床处理的一个重要方面。由于高龄患者给基层医疗带来的负担，关于最年轻患者心血管特征的数据很少。

目的

描述西班牙基层医疗中年轻高血压患者（<55 岁）的心血管特征。

设计和方法

这是一项在西班牙全国基层医疗中心进行的横断面多中心研究。共有 2108 名医生参与，纳入了 6815 名被诊断为高血压的患者。我们使用了欧洲高血压学会和欧洲心脏病学会 2007 年指南中的危险因素、亚临床器官损伤以及心血管或肾脏既定疾病的调查来评估心血管风险。

结果

在高血压患者中，5.8%没有其他心血管危险因素（CVRF），23.2%有与高血压相关的一个危险因素，32.8%有两个，24.7%有三个，11.3%有四个，2.3%有五个危险因素。最常见的心血管危险因素是血脂异常，占 80.4%（37.9%接受了治疗），其次是腹部肥胖，占高血压患者的 45.9%。代谢综合征的患病率为 44.4%。样本中平均心血管风险为 0.2%，低危占 5%，中危占 26.1%，高危占 47.3%，极高危占 21.4%。