Department of Operative Dentistry, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Chile.
J Esthet Restor Dent. 2011 Apr;23(2):73-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2010.00392.x. Epub 2011 Feb 25.
Light dynamics is a relevant phenomenon with respect to esthetic restorations, as incorrect analysis of the optical behavior of natural dentition may lead to potential clinical failures. The nature of incident light plays a major role in determining the amount of light transmission or reflection, and how an object is perceived depends on the nature of the light source. Natural teeth demonstrate translucency, opalescence, and fluorescence, all of which must be replicated by restorative materials in order to achieve clinical success. Translucency is the intermediary between complete opacity and complete transparency, making its analysis highly subjective. In nature, the translucency of dental enamel varies from tooth to tooth, and from individual to individual. Therefore, four important factors must be considered when appraising translucency. Presence or absence of color, thickness of the enamel, degree of translucency, and surface texture are essential components when determining translucency. State-of-the-art resin composites provide varying shades and opacities that deliver a more faithful reproduction of the chromaticity and translucency/opacity of enamel and dentin. This enables the attainment of individualized and customized composite restorations. The objective of this article is to provide a review of the phenomena of translucency and opacity in the natural dentition and composite resins, under the scope of optics, and to describe how to implement these concepts in the clinical setting.
Choosing composite resins, based on optical properties alone, in order to mimic the properties of natural tooth structures, does not necessarily provide a satisfactory esthetic outcome. In many instances, failure ensues from incorrect analysis of the optical behaviors of the natural dentition as well as the improper use of restorative materials. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a technique that enables a restorative material to be utilized to its full potential to correctly replicate the natural teeth.
就美学修复而言，光动力学是一种相关现象，因为对天然牙光学行为的不正确分析可能导致潜在的临床失败。入射光的性质在决定光的传输或反射量方面起着主要作用，而物体的感知取决于光源的性质。天然牙齿表现出半透明性、乳光性和荧光性，所有这些都必须通过修复材料来复制，以实现临床成功。半透明性是完全不透明和完全透明之间的中间状态，因此其分析高度主观。在自然界中，牙釉质的半透明度因牙齿而异，因个体而异。因此，在评估半透明度时必须考虑四个重要因素。颜色的存在与否、釉质的厚度、半透明度的程度和表面质地是确定半透明度的重要组成部分。最先进的树脂复合材料提供了不同的色调和不透明度，能够更真实地再现牙釉质和牙本质的色度和半透明度/不透明度。这使得能够实现个性化和定制化的复合修复体。本文的目的是在光学范围内，提供对天然牙和复合树脂中半透明度和不透明度现象的综述，并描述如何在临床环境中实施这些概念。
仅根据光学性质选择复合树脂以模仿天然牙结构的特性，不一定能提供令人满意的美学效果。在许多情况下，失败是由于对天然牙光学行为的不正确分析以及对修复材料的不当使用所致。因此，有必要采用一种技术，使修复材料能够充分发挥其潜力，正确复制天然牙齿。
