GITMI Group of Research in Minimally Invasive Techniques, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011 Jun;22(6):851-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.12.042. Epub 2011 Apr 9.
To verify the penetration of struts and hooks of two inferior vena cava (IVC) filters (Günther tulip retrievable filter [GTF] and Celect filter) through the vena cava wall and to assess local or systemic complications resulting from this penetration.
Eight IVC filters were placed in the IVC of four ewes for 30 days (1 GTF and 1 Celect filter in each ewe). Angiographic and laparoscopic examinations of the animals were performed to demonstrate the penetration through the vena cava wall, and the filters were removed under laparoscopic control. Specimens were extracted for anatomicopathological and histologic examination.
Two-projection cavography showed a filter leg seemingly out of the vena cava in 19 of 32 legs (59.3%). Laparoscopy showed 7 real penetrating legs (5 Celect filters and 2 GTFs) out of the 14 legs that could be identified by laparoscopy owing to technique limitations. Neither laparoscopy nor necropsy showed any sign of wall hemorrhage or other injuries. Histologic examination showed intimal remodeling and slight thickening of adventitial tissue around filter legs.
GTFs and Celect filters can produce a real penetration 1 month after implantation. This penetration did not lead to any complications in the IVC or surrounding tissues and did not compromise the subject's health in any of the studied cases.
验证两种下腔静脉（IVC）滤器（Günther 郁金香可回收滤器[GTF]和 Celect 滤器）的支架和钩子穿透 IVC 壁的情况，并评估由此穿透引起的局部或全身并发症。
将 8 个 IVC 过滤器放置在 4 只绵羊的 IVC 中 30 天（每只绵羊放置 1 个 GTF 和 1 个 Celect 过滤器）。对动物进行血管造影和腹腔镜检查，以显示穿透 IVC 壁的情况，并在腹腔镜控制下取出过滤器。提取标本进行解剖病理学和组织学检查。
2 次投影腔静脉造影显示 32 条腿中的 19 条（59.3%）似乎有一条过滤器腿穿出腔静脉。腹腔镜检查显示 7 条真正穿透的腿（5 个 Celect 过滤器和 2 个 GTF），由于技术限制，只有 14 条腿可以通过腹腔镜识别。腹腔镜或尸检均未显示任何壁出血或其他损伤的迹象。组织学检查显示内皮层重塑和围绕过滤器腿的外膜组织轻微增厚。
GTF 和 Celect 过滤器在植入后 1 个月可产生真正的穿透。这种穿透未导致 IVC 或周围组织出现任何并发症，在研究的所有病例中均未损害受检者的健康。
