Anästhesiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
J Pain. 2011 Jun;12(6):633-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.11.009. Epub 2011 Apr 9.
The orofacial formalin test is established in rats and was recently transferred to mice. The aim of this study was to determine the ideal formalin concentration for testing analgesic drugs, to examine alternatives for the assessment of nociceptive and non-nociceptive behavior as well as the effects of morphine and age on formalin-induced nociception. Formalin (.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15%) was injected into the vibrissa of mice. The cumulative nociceptive behavior was measured as well as nociceptive and non-nociceptive behavior based on a score that was recorded over a 5-second observation period once per minute. We also examined the effects of morphine on the nociceptive response induced by 2.5% formalin. Age-dependent differences were tested in the third part of the experiment. NONMEM was used to model the pharmacodynamic effects of formalin and morphine. Injection of formalin lead to a concentration-dependent increase in cumulative nociceptive behavior ratings as well as the specific nociceptive behavior 3 of scratching injection site with hindpaw (score 3). The formalin concentrations that lead to 50% of the maximum effect were 2.6 and 3.3%, respectively, for the continuous rating method and the scoring method. Morphine dose dependently suppressed the nociceptive behavior and the number of score 3 ratings of the nociceptive behavior. Age differences in behavior could not be detected by either analytic method.
To improve the existing behavioral nociceptive assay for pain processed by the trigeminal system, we determined an ideal formalin concentration for the orofacial formalin test in mice, evaluated alternative timesaving analysis approaches, and investigated effects of morphine and age on formalin-induced nociception.
口面部福尔马林试验在大鼠中建立，并于近期转移到小鼠中。本研究的目的是确定用于测试镇痛药物的理想福尔马林浓度，评估替代评估伤害性和非伤害性行为的方法，以及吗啡和年龄对福尔马林诱导的伤害性感受的影响。福尔马林（0.5%、1%、2.5%、5%、7.5%、10%和 15%）被注入到小鼠触须。累积的伤害性行为被测量，以及根据每分钟记录一次、持续 5 秒的观察期内的评分来评估伤害性和非伤害性行为。我们还研究了吗啡对 2.5%福尔马林诱导的伤害性反应的影响。在实验的第三部分测试了年龄依赖性差异。NONMEM 用于对福尔马林和吗啡的药效动力学效应进行建模。福尔马林的注射导致累积伤害性行为评分以及特定的伤害性行为（后腿爪搔抓注射部位，评分 3）的浓度依赖性增加。分别使用连续评分法和评分法，导致最大效应的 50%的福尔马林浓度分别为 2.6%和 3.3%。吗啡剂量依赖性地抑制伤害性行为和伤害性行为的评分 3 评分的数量。两种分析方法均无法检测到行为的年龄差异。
为了改善用于处理三叉神经系统疼痛的现有行为性伤害性检测方法，我们确定了小鼠口面部福尔马林试验的理想福尔马林浓度，评估了替代省时的分析方法，并研究了吗啡和年龄对福尔马林诱导的伤害性感受的影响。
