膜脂的合成和生物合成转运。
Synthesis and biosynthetic trafficking of membrane lipids.
机构信息
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Finland.
出版信息
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011 Aug 1;3(8):a004713. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004713.
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells can synthesize thousands of different lipid molecules that are incorporated into their membranes. This involves the activity of hundreds of enzymes with the task of creating lipid diversity. In addition, there are several, typically redundant, mechanisms to transport lipids from their site of synthesis to other cellular membranes. Biosynthetic lipid transport helps to ensure that each cellular compartment will have its characteristic lipid composition that supports the functions of the associated proteins. In this article, we provide an overview of the biosynthesis of the major lipid constituents of cell membranes, that is, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols, and discuss the mechanisms by which these newly synthesized lipids are delivered to their target membranes.
摘要
真核细胞可以合成数千种不同的脂质分子，这些分子被整合到它们的膜中。这涉及到数百种酶的活性，这些酶的任务是创造脂质多样性。此外，还有几种通常是冗余的机制将脂质从它们的合成部位运输到其他细胞膜。生物合成脂质运输有助于确保每个细胞区室都具有支持相关蛋白质功能的特征脂质组成。在本文中，我们概述了细胞膜主要脂质成分的生物合成，即甘油磷脂、鞘脂和固醇，并讨论了这些新合成的脂质递送到其靶膜的机制。
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