Holthuis Joost C M, van Meer Gerrit, Huitema Klazien
Department of Membrane Enzymology, Center for Biomembranes and Lipid Enzymology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mol Membr Biol. 2003 Jul-Sep;20(3):231-41.
Eukaryotic cells contain hundreds of different lipid species that are not uniformly distributed among their membranes. For example, sphingolipids and sterols form gradients along the secretory pathway with the highest levels in the plasma membrane and the lowest in the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, lipids in late secretory organelles display asymmetric transbilayer arrangements with the aminophospholipids concentrated in the cytoplasmic leaflet. This lipid heterogeneity can be viewed as a manifestation of the fact that cells exploit the structural diversity of lipids in organizing intracellular membrane transport. Lipid immiscibility and the generation of phase-separated lipid domains provide a molecular basis for sorting membrane proteins into specific vesicular pathways. At the same time, energy-driven aminophospholipid transporters participate in membrane deformation during vesicle biogenesis. This review will focus on how selective membrane transport relies on a dynamic interplay between membrane lipids and proteins.
真核细胞含有数百种不同的脂质种类，它们并非均匀地分布在细胞膜中。例如，鞘脂和固醇在分泌途径中形成梯度，在质膜中含量最高，在内质网中含量最低。此外，晚期分泌细胞器中的脂质呈现不对称的跨膜排列，氨基磷脂集中在细胞质小叶中。这种脂质异质性可被视为细胞利用脂质结构多样性来组织细胞内膜运输这一事实的体现。脂质不混溶性和相分离脂质结构域的产生为将膜蛋白分选到特定囊泡途径提供了分子基础。同时，能量驱动的氨基磷脂转运蛋白在囊泡生物发生过程中参与膜变形。本综述将重点关注选择性膜运输如何依赖于膜脂质和蛋白质之间的动态相互作用。
