University of Verona, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Verona, Italy.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011 Mar-Apr;26(2):373-84.
Immediate loading has become an emerging technique because it has been shown to be a successful, time-saving procedure. Recently, immediate loading has been performed simultaneously with implant placement into fresh extraction sockets; excellent results have been achieved, but few reports are available with a long-term follow-up. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the difference in success rates in the maxilla between postextraction implants and implants placed in healed sites, both of which were immediately loaded, after a long-term follow-up.
Between October 2001 and February 2003, 239 implants were inserted in 81 consecutively operated patients and immediately loaded; 138 implants were placed in fresh postextraction sites (57.7%) and 101 implants were placed in healed sites (42.3%). Two different implant systems were used in this study. Each implant was loaded within 72 hours of placement (60.3% at the time of surgery, 6.3% after 24 hours, 30.1% after 48 hours, and 3.3% after 72 hours). Preestablished success criteria were used to evaluate the success rate of the implants.
The mean follow-up was 6.7 years (range: 6.0 to 7.3 years). Only 8 of the 239 implants failed, for an overall success rate of 96.6%. Six of the failed implants were inserted in postextraction sites, and 2 had been placed in healed sites; the success rates were 95.7% and 98.0%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between postextraction and healed sites.
Immediate loading of immediate postextraction sites results in an implant success rate that is broadly comparable to that seen for implants placed in healed sites. Moreover, this procedure can provide predictable and favorable results in many different clinical conditions and for a long term.
即刻负载已成为一种新兴技术，因为它已被证明是一种成功且省时的方法。最近，即刻负载已与植入物同时在新鲜拔牙窝中进行；已取得了极好的结果，但只有少数报告具有长期随访。本研究的目的是评估在长期随访后，即刻负载的即刻拔牙窝内种植体和愈合后种植体在上颌骨中的成功率差异。
2001 年 10 月至 2003 年 2 月期间，81 例连续手术患者共植入 239 个种植体并即刻负载；其中 138 个种植体置于新鲜拔牙窝内（57.7%），101 个种植体置于愈合后牙槽窝内（42.3%）。本研究使用了两种不同的种植系统。每个种植体在植入后 72 小时内负载（60.3%在手术时，6.3%在 24 小时后，30.1%在 48 小时后，3.3%在 72 小时后）。使用预先确定的成功标准评估种植体的成功率。
平均随访时间为 6.7 年（范围：6.0 至 7.3 年）。239 个种植体中仅有 8 个失败，总成功率为 96.6%。6 个失败的种植体位于拔牙窝内，2 个位于愈合后牙槽窝内；成功率分别为 95.7%和 98.0%。统计学分析显示拔牙窝内和愈合后牙槽窝内的成功率无显著差异。
即刻负载即刻拔牙窝内的种植体可获得与愈合后牙槽窝内种植体相当的成功率。此外，这种方法在许多不同的临床情况下可以提供可预测且良好的长期效果。
