Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany.
Adv Mater. 2011 Jun 3;23(21):2395-412. doi: 10.1002/adma.201002828. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
The synthesis of nanoporous membranes based on different concepts and materials is a field of active research. This review focuses on the synthesis strategies, mesophase evolution mechanisms and potential applications of mesoporous materials confined within anodic alumina membranes (AAM). Following a rapid evolution of synthetic techniques, a significant number of different mesoporous materials (e.g., silica, titania, and carbon) with highly regular structures can now be prepared within these membranes. In recent years, efforts have also been made to understand the formation mechanisms of these hierarchical mesophases. The resulting organized nanoporous membranes open up a wide range of potential applications in fields such as templating oriented nanowires and controlled separation and release of molecules. For example, while various synthesis strategies can be used for the preparation of membrane-embedded nanowires, the latter can also be obtained as isolated objects after dissolution of the alumina host matrix. The review also discusses issues such as control of structural defects or integrity of interfaces that should be addressed in future research in order to fully exploit the potential of these hierarchical mesoporous channel structures.
基于不同概念和材料的纳米多孔膜的合成是一个活跃的研究领域。本综述重点介绍了受限在阳极氧化铝膜(AAM)内的介孔材料的合成策略、介相演变机制和潜在应用。随着合成技术的快速发展,现在可以在这些膜内制备具有高度规则结构的大量不同的介孔材料(例如,二氧化硅、二氧化钛和碳)。近年来,人们还努力了解这些分级介相的形成机制。由此产生的有序纳米多孔膜在模板定向纳米线和分子的控制分离和释放等领域开辟了广泛的潜在应用。例如,尽管可以使用各种合成策略来制备膜嵌入式纳米线,但在溶解氧化铝主体基质后,也可以获得作为独立物体的纳米线。该综述还讨论了在未来的研究中需要解决的结构缺陷或界面完整性等问题,以便充分利用这些分级介孔通道结构的潜力。