Nicely Bruce, DeLario Ginger T
Carolina Donor Services, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA.
Prog Transplant. 2011 Mar;21(1):72-7. doi: 10.1177/152692481102100110.
Registered nurses were some of the first nonphysician organ transplant and donation specialists in the field, both in procurement and clinical arenas. Nursing theories are abundant in the literature and in nursing curricula, but none have been applied to the donation process. Noted nursing theorist Virginia Henderson (1897-1996), often referred to as the "first lady of nursing," developed a nursing model based on activities of living. Henderson had the pioneering view that nursing stands separately from medicine and that nursing consists of more than simply following physicians' orders. Henderson's Principles and Practice of Nursing is a grand theory that can be applied to many types of nursing. In this article, Henderson's theory is applied to the intensely focused and specialized area of organ donation for transplantation. Although organ donation coordinators may have backgrounds as physicians' assistants, paramedics, or other allied health professions, most are registered nurses. By virtue of the inherent necessity for involvement of the family and friends of the potential donor, Henderson's concepts are applied to the care and management of the organ donor, to the donor's family and friends, and in some instances, to the caregivers themselves.
注册护士是该领域最早一批非医生的器官移植和捐赠专家，在获取和临床领域均是如此。护理理论在文献和护理课程中大量存在，但尚无理论应用于捐赠过程。著名护理理论家弗吉尼亚·亨德森（1897 - 1996），常被称为“护理第一夫人”，基于生活活动发展出一种护理模式。亨德森有一个开创性的观点，即护理独立于医学，且护理不仅仅是简单地执行医生的医嘱。亨德森的《护理的原则与实践》是一个宏大的理论，可应用于多种类型的护理。在本文中，亨德森的理论被应用于高度专注和专业化的器官移植捐赠领域。尽管器官捐赠协调员可能有医师助理、护理人员或其他相关健康专业的背景，但大多数是注册护士。鉴于潜在捐赠者的家人和朋友参与其中的内在必要性，亨德森的概念被应用于器官捐赠者的护理和管理、捐赠者的家人和朋友，在某些情况下，也应用于护理人员自身。
