配偶阿尔茨海默病照顾者的自我效能感与静息血压之间的关系。
The relationship between self-efficacy and resting blood pressure in spousal Alzheimer's caregivers.
机构信息
Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, University of California-San Diego/San Diego State University, CA, USA.
出版信息
Br J Health Psychol. 2011 May;16(Pt 2):317-28. doi: 10.1348/135910710X504932. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether high levels of self-efficacy for problem-focused coping were significantly related to several resting BP measures in spousal Alzheimer's disease caregivers.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
METHODS
Participants included 100 older caregivers (mean age = 73.8 ± 8.14 years) providing in home care for a spouse with Alzheimer's disease. All participants completed a 13-item short form of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale and underwent an in-home assessment where a visiting nurse took the average of three serial BP readings. Multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) after controlling for age, gender, smoking history, body mass index, the care recipient's clinical dementia rating, diabetes, alcohol use, and the use of antihypertensive medications.
RESULTS
Overall, high levels of self-efficacy for problem-focused coping were associated with lower MAP, SBP, and PP. Self-efficacy for problem-focused coping was marginally associated with resting DBP, but not significant. In addition, we conducted secondary analyses of the other two self-efficacy scales to explore the relationship between each dimension and MAP. We found that there were no significant relationships found between MAP and self-efficacy for stopping unpleasant thoughts/emotions or self-efficacy for getting social support.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study adds to the current body of literature by illustrating the possibility that higher self-efficacy can have physiological advantages, perhaps by buffering chronic stress's impact on resting BP. Another contribution of the current study is its attempt to understand the role of each individual component of self-efficacy. These findings invite future research to investigate whether caregivers might experience cardiovascular benefits from interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy.
目的
研究配偶阿尔茨海默病照顾者的问题焦点应对自我效能感水平是否与几种静息血压测量值显著相关。
设计
横断面研究。
方法
参与者包括 100 名年龄较大的照顾者（平均年龄=73.8±8.14 岁），为患有阿尔茨海默病的配偶提供家庭护理。所有参与者都完成了应对自我效能感量表的 13 项短式量表，同时接受了家庭评估，访问护士会记录三次连续血压读数的平均值。多元回归用于检验自我效能感与平均动脉压（MAP）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和脉压（PP）之间的关系，同时控制了年龄、性别、吸烟史、体重指数、被护理者的临床痴呆评定、糖尿病、饮酒和使用降压药物等因素。
结果
总的来说，问题焦点应对自我效能感水平较高与 MAP、SBP 和 PP 降低有关。问题焦点应对自我效能感与静息 DBP 呈边缘相关，但无统计学意义。此外，我们还对其他两种自我效能感量表进行了二次分析，以探讨每个维度与 MAP 的关系。我们发现，MAP 与停止不愉快的想法/情绪的自我效能感或获得社会支持的自我效能感之间没有显著关系。
结论
本研究通过说明较高的自我效能感可能具有生理优势的可能性，为当前的文献增加了新的内容，这可能是通过缓冲慢性压力对静息血压的影响。本研究的另一个贡献是尝试理解自我效能感的每个单独成分的作用。这些发现邀请未来的研究调查干预措施是否可以增强自我效能感，从而使照顾者受益于心血管健康。
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