Barrera Terri L, Norton Peter J
a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA.
Cogn Behav Ther. 2011;40(2):98-110. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2010.545072. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
Research has shown that although intrusive thoughts occur universally, the majority of individuals do not view intrusive thoughts as being problematic (Freeston, Ladouceur, Thibodeau, & Gagnon, 1991; Rachman & de Silva, 1978; Salkovskis & Harrison, 1984). Thus, it is not the presence of intrusive thoughts that leads to obsessional problems but rather some other factor that plays a role in the development of abnormal obsessions. According to the cognitive model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) put forth by Salkovskis (1985), the crucial factor that differentiates between individuals with OCD and those without is the individual's appraisal of the naturally occurring intrusive thoughts. This study aimed to test Salkovskis's model by examining the role of cognitive biases (responsibility, thought-action fusion, and thought control) as well as distress in the relationship between intrusive thoughts and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in an undergraduate sample of 326 students. An existing measure of intrusive thoughts (the Revised Obsessional Intrusions Inventory) was modified for this study to include a scale of distress associated with each intrusive thought in addition to the current frequency scale. When the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was used as the measure of OCD symptoms, a significant interaction effect of frequency and distress of intrusive thoughts resulted. Additionally, a significant three-way interaction of Frequency × Distress × Responsibility was found when the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised was used as the measure of OCD symptoms. These results indicate that the appraisal of intrusive thoughts is important in predicting OCD symptoms, thus providing support for Salkovskis's model of OCD.
研究表明，尽管侵入性思维普遍存在，但大多数人并不认为侵入性思维存在问题（弗雷斯顿、拉杜塞尔、蒂博多和加尼翁，1991年；拉赫曼和德席尔瓦，1978年；索尔科夫斯基斯和哈里森，1984年）。因此，导致强迫观念问题的并非侵入性思维的存在，而是在异常强迫观念发展过程中起作用的其他因素。根据索尔科夫斯基斯（1985年）提出的强迫症认知模型，区分患有强迫症的个体和未患强迫症的个体的关键因素是个体对自然出现的侵入性思维的评估。本研究旨在通过考察认知偏差（责任感、思维-行动融合和思维控制）以及痛苦感在326名本科学生样本的侵入性思维与强迫症状之间关系中的作用，来检验索尔科夫斯基斯的模型。本研究对现有的侵入性思维测量工具（修订后的强迫性侵入量表）进行了修改，除了现有的频率量表外，还增加了一个与每种侵入性思维相关的痛苦感量表。当使用耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表作为强迫症症状的测量工具时，侵入性思维的频率和痛苦感产生了显著的交互作用。此外，当使用修订后的强迫观念量表作为强迫症症状的测量工具时，发现频率×痛苦感×责任感存在显著的三向交互作用。这些结果表明，对侵入性思维的评估在预测强迫症症状方面很重要，从而为索尔科夫斯基斯的强迫症模型提供了支持。
