Li Qingbo, Wang Xianyu, Wang Rong, Sui Hongqi, Li Wenyan, Li Lu
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Jun;13(6):1816-22. doi: 10.1039/c0em00355g. Epub 2011 Apr 15.
A seasonal field campaign by passive sampling was conducted from February 2008 to February 2009, aiming to measure air concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the urban and suburban areas in Dalian. At the urban site, similar annual average concentrations of α-endosulfan and α-HCH were found, both being approximately 4 times as high as those of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE, while at the suburban site, the annual average concentration of α-endosulfan was 2.9 times as high as the average concentrations of α-HCH, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE; concentrations of α-endosulfan, α-HCH and p,p'-DDE achieved annual peaks in summer. Back trajectory analysis revealed that the air concentration of α-endosulfan increased with the input of air masses from the land whereas decreasing air concentration of α-endosulfan at the urban site was associated with air masses from the sea. Pesticides used in local agriculture were identified to be major sources of α-endosulfan at both the urban and suburban sites, though long-range atmospheric transport from other sources might also contribute to atmospheric levels of this chemical over this coastal city. α-endosulfan, α-HCH, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in the air in Dalian might result from the atmospheric transport of the air masses from northeast area, Shandong peninsula and Korean peninsula. Emission due to "aged" DDT and HCH in contaminated local soils as well as atmospheric long-range transport were likely to be major sources of α-HCH, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE at the suburban site. In addition, a fresh input of α-HCH and p,p'-DDT in the atmosphere could not be excluded in the urban area.
2008年2月至2009年2月开展了一项采用被动采样的季节性实地监测活动，旨在测量大连市区和郊区空气中有机氯农药（OCPs）的浓度。在城区监测点，α-硫丹和α-六氯环己烷的年平均浓度相近，均约为p,p'-滴滴涕和p,p'-滴滴伊的4倍；而在郊区监测点，α-硫丹的年平均浓度是α-六氯环己烷、p,p'-滴滴涕和p,p'-滴滴伊平均浓度的2.9倍；α-硫丹、α-六氯环己烷和p,p'-滴滴伊的浓度在夏季达到年度峰值。后向轨迹分析表明，α-硫丹的空气浓度随来自陆地气团的输入而增加，而城区监测点α-硫丹空气浓度的降低与来自海洋的气团有关。虽然来自其他源的长距离大气传输也可能对该沿海城市空气中这种化学物质的含量有贡献，但当地农业使用的农药被确定为城区和郊区监测点α-硫丹的主要来源。大连空气中的α-硫丹、α-六氯环己烷、p,p'-滴滴涕和p,p'-滴滴伊可能源于来自东北地区、山东半岛和朝鲜半岛气团的大气传输。受污染的当地土壤中“老化”滴滴涕和六氯环己烷的排放以及大气长距离传输可能是郊区监测点α-六氯环己烷、p,p'-滴滴涕和p,p'-滴滴伊的主要来源。此外，城区不能排除大气中新鲜输入的α-六氯环己烷和p,p'-滴滴涕。
