Sohn Young H, Lee P H
Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;100:367-73. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00028-8.
Paroxysmal choreodystonic disorders or paroxysmal dyskinesias are a heterogeneous group of movement disorders characterized by recurrent attacks of abnormal involuntary movements. They are classified into four categories according to the precipitant, duration of attacks, and etiology: (1) paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), in which attacks are brief and induced by sudden voluntary movements; (2) paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), in which attacks occur spontaneously; (3) paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia (PED), in which attacks are brought on by prolonged exercise; and (4) paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia (PHD), in which attacks occur during sleep. Among them, PHD is currently known to be a form of mesial frontal-lobe epilepsy, and has been given the term "autosomal-dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy" (ANDFLE) in some familiar cases with an autosomal-dominant inheritance. The clinical, etiological and pathophysiological features of PKD, PNKD, and PED are reviewed.
阵发性肌张力障碍性疾病或阵发性运动障碍是一组异质性运动障碍，其特征为反复出现异常不自主运动发作。根据诱发因素、发作持续时间和病因，它们可分为四类：（1）阵发性运动诱发性运动障碍（PKD），发作短暂，由突然的自主运动诱发；（2）阵发性非运动诱发性运动障碍（PNKD），发作自发出现；（3）阵发性运动诱发的运动障碍（PED），发作由长时间运动引发；（4）阵发性睡眠性运动障碍（PHD），发作在睡眠期间出现。其中，目前已知PHD是内侧额叶癫痫的一种形式，在一些具有常染色体显性遗传的家族性病例中被称为“常染色体显性遗传性夜间额叶癫痫”（ANDFLE）。本文综述了PKD、PNKD和PED的临床、病因及病理生理特征。
