Trotti Lynn Marie, Rye David B
Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;100:661-73. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00047-1.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by a compelling, often insatiable, need to move the legs, accompanied by unpleasant sensations located mainly in the ankles and calves. Because symptoms are brought on by inactivity, distress intrudes upon everyday, sedentary activities such as plane travel, car rides, and attending school, meetings, or the theatre. Symptoms show a diurnal preference for the evening and night, so disruption of sleep onset or maintenance is particularly common. RLS is associated with both lower ratings of quality of life and higher rates of cardiovascular disease. Four common genetic loci associating to RLS have recently been identified, but the molecular pathways by which they increase risk for RLS have yet to be determined. Both sensory (RLS) and motor (periodic limb movements of sleep) symptoms are responsive to dopaminergic medications, yet clear delineation of dopaminergic pathology has not emerged. Brain iron is reduced in many, but not all, patients with RLS. First-line treatment for RLS includes agents acting at D(2) and D(3) dopamine receptors.
不宁腿综合征（RLS）的特征是有一种强烈的、往往无法满足的腿部活动需求，同时伴有主要位于脚踝和小腿的不适感。由于症状是由不活动引发的，因此会干扰日常的久坐活动，如乘飞机旅行、乘车以及上学、参加会议或看戏等。症状在傍晚和夜间更为明显，所以入睡困难或睡眠维持障碍尤为常见。RLS与生活质量评分较低以及心血管疾病发生率较高均有关联。最近已确定了四个与RLS相关的常见基因位点，但它们增加RLS风险的分子途径尚未明确。感觉症状（RLS）和运动症状（睡眠周期性肢体运动）对多巴胺能药物均有反应，但尚未明确多巴胺能病理改变。许多（但并非所有）RLS患者的脑铁含量会降低。RLS的一线治疗药物包括作用于D(2)和D(3)多巴胺受体的药物。
