Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Phytochemistry. 2011 Sep;72(13):1647-54. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.03.013. Epub 2011 Apr 15.
Plants are faced with a trade-off between on the one hand growth, development and reproduction and on the other hand defence against environmental stresses. Yet, research on insect-plant interactions has addressed plant-pollinator interactions and plant-attacker interactions separately. Plants have evolved a high diversity of constitutive and induced responses to attack, including the systemic emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). The effect of HIPVs on the behaviour of carnivorous insects has received ample attention for leaf-feeding (folivorous) species and their parasitoids and predators. Here, we review whether and to what extent HIPVs affect the interaction of plants in the flowering stage with mutualistic and antagonistic insects. Whereas the role of flower volatiles in the interactions between plants and insect pollinators has received increased attention over the last decade, studies addressing both HIPVs and pollinator behaviour are rare, despite the fact that in a number of plant species herbivory is known to affect flower traits, including size, nectar secretion and composition. In addition, folivory and florivory can also result in significant changes in flower volatile emission and in most systems investigated, pollinator visitation decreased, although exceptions have been found. Negative effects of HIPVs on pollinator visitation rates likely exert negative selection pressure on HIPV emission. The systemic nature of herbivore-induced plant responses and the behavioural responses of antagonistic and mutualistic insects, requires the study of volatile emission of entire plants in the flowering stage. We conclude that approaches to integrate the study of plant defences and pollination are essential to advance plant biology, in particular in the context of the trade-off between defence and growth/reproduction.
植物在生长、发育和繁殖方面具有优势，但同时也需要应对环境压力。然而，在昆虫与植物的相互作用的研究中，植物与传粉者的相互作用和植物与攻击者的相互作用是分开研究的。植物已经进化出了高度多样性的组成型和诱导型反应来抵御攻击，包括系统地释放植食性诱导的植物挥发物（HIPVs）。HIPVs 对肉食性昆虫行为的影响已经引起了广泛关注，尤其是针对叶食性（食叶性）物种及其寄生蜂和捕食者。在这里，我们回顾了 HIPVs 是否以及在何种程度上影响了开花期植物与互利和拮抗昆虫的相互作用。尽管在许多植物物种中，食草作用已知会影响花朵特征，包括大小、花蜜分泌和组成，但在过去十年中，花朵挥发物在植物与昆虫传粉者相互作用中的作用受到了更多关注，而同时涉及 HIPVs 和传粉者行为的研究却很少。此外，食草作用和食花作用也会导致花挥发物排放的显著变化，在大多数研究的系统中，传粉者的访问量减少，尽管也有例外。HIPVs 对传粉者访问率的负面影响可能对 HIPV 排放产生了负向选择压力。植食性诱导的植物反应的系统性和拮抗与互利昆虫的行为反应，需要在开花期研究整个植物的挥发物排放。我们的结论是，整合植物防御和授粉研究的方法对于推进植物生物学至关重要，特别是在防御和生长/繁殖之间的权衡方面。
