Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4560, Santiago, Chile.
J Plant Physiol. 2011 Sep 15;168(14):1667-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.03.006. Epub 2011 Apr 16.
In the present work, the effect of assisted fertilization on anatomical, morphological and gene expression changes occurring in carpels and during early stages of berry development in Vitis vinifera were studied. Inflorescences were emasculated before capfall, immediately manually pollinated (EP) and fruit development was compared to emasculated but non-pollinated (ENP) and self-pollinated inflorescences (NESP). The diameter of berries derived from pollinated flowers (EP and NESP) was significantly higher than from non-pollinated flowers (ENP) at 21 days after emasculation/pollination (DAE), and a rapid increase in the size of the inner mesocarp, together with the presence of an embryo-like structure, were observed. The expression of gibberellin oxidases (GA20ox and GA2ox), anthranilate synthase (related to auxin synthesis) and cytokinin synthase coding genes was studied to assess the relationship between hormone synthesis and early berry development, while flower patterning genes were analyzed to describe floral transition. Significant expression changes were found for hormone-related genes, suggesting that their expression at early stages of berry development (13 DAE) is related to cell division and differentiation of mesocarp tissue at a later stage (21 DAE). Expression of hormone-related genes also correlates with the expression of VvHB13, a gene related to mesocarp expansion, and with an increased repression of floral patterning genes (PISTILLATA and TM6), which may contribute to prevent floral transition inhibiting fruit growth before fertilization takes place.
在本工作中，研究了辅助受精对百合科植物心皮和浆果早期发育过程中解剖学、形态学和基因表达变化的影响。在帽脱落前，对花序进行去雄，然后立即进行手动授粉（EP），并将其与去雄但未授粉（ENP）和自花授粉（NESP）的果实发育进行比较。授粉花朵（EP 和 NESP）产生的浆果直径在去雄/授粉后 21 天（DAE）显著高于未授粉花朵（ENP），并且观察到内中果皮迅速增大，同时存在胚胎样结构。研究了赤霉素氧化酶（GA20ox 和 GA2ox）、邻氨基苯甲酸合酶（与生长素合成有关）和细胞分裂素合成酶编码基因的表达，以评估激素合成与早期浆果发育之间的关系，同时分析花模式基因以描述花的转变。发现与激素相关的基因表达发生了显著变化，表明它们在浆果发育早期（13 DAE）的表达与后期中果皮组织的细胞分裂和分化有关（21 DAE）。激素相关基因的表达也与 VvHB13 基因的表达相关，该基因与中果皮扩张有关，并且与花模式基因（PISTILLATA 和 TM6）的表达受到抑制呈正相关，这可能有助于防止花的转变，在受精发生之前抑制果实的生长。
