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如果清醒和做梦的意识变得去分化,是否会导致精神分裂症?

If waking and dreaming consciousness became de-differentiated, would schizophrenia result?

机构信息

Faculty of Humanities, The University of Manchester, Booth Street West, Manchester M15 6PB, UK.

出版信息

Conscious Cogn. 2011 Dec;20(4):1059-83. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.022. Epub 2011 Apr 16.

Abstract

If both waking and dreaming consciousness are functional, their de-differentiation would be doubly detrimental. Differentiation between waking and dreaming is achieved through neuromodulation. During dreaming, without external sensory data and with mesolimbic dopaminergic input, hyper-cholinergic input almost totally suppresses the aminergic system. During waking, with sensory gates open, aminergic modulation inhibits cholinergic and mesocortical dopaminergic suppresses mesolimbic. These neuromodulatory systems are reciprocally interactive and self-organizing. As a consequence of neuromodulatory reciprocity, phenomenologically, the self and the world that appear during dreaming differ from those that emerge during waking. As a result of self-organizing, the self and the world in both states are integrated. Some loss of self-organization would precipitate a degree of de-differentiation between waking and dreaming, resulting in a hybrid state which would be expressed heterogeneously, both neurobiologically and phenomenologically. As a consequence of progressive de-differentiation, certain identifiable psychiatric disorders may emerge. Ultimately, schizophrenia, a disorganized-fragmented self, may result.

摘要

如果清醒和做梦意识都是功能性的,它们的去分化将是双重有害的。清醒和做梦之间的分化是通过神经调制实现的。在做梦时,没有外部感觉数据,并且有中脑边缘多巴胺能输入,乙酰胆碱能输入几乎完全抑制了单胺能系统。在清醒时,随着感觉门的打开,单胺能调制抑制胆碱能和中脑皮质多巴胺能抑制中脑边缘。这些神经调制系统是相互作用和自我组织的。由于神经调制的相互作用,在现象学上,在做梦时出现的自我和世界与在清醒时出现的自我和世界不同。由于自我组织,在这两种状态下的自我和世界都是整合的。自我组织的某些丧失会导致清醒和做梦之间的某种程度的去分化,从而导致一种混合状态,这种状态在神经生物学和现象学上都是异质的。由于去分化的逐渐发展,某些可识别的精神障碍可能会出现。最终,可能会出现精神分裂症,即自我的混乱和碎片化。

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