Wacker D P, Steege M W, Northup J, Sasso G, Berg W, Reimers T, Cooper L, Cigrand K, Donn L
Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital School, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1990 Winter;23(4):417-29. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-417.
We evaluated the separate treatment components of a functional communication training program for 3 severely handicapped persons who each displayed different topographies of aberrant behavior. Following a functional analysis of maintaining conditions for inappropriate behavior (self-injury, stereotypy, aggression), each participant was trained to emit a communicative response that functioned to solicit reinforcement. For 2 participants, consequences (time-out or graduated guidance) for inappropriate behavior were also included. Treatment continued until the participants emitted the communicative response independently and no occurrences of inappropriate behavior were observed for at least two sessions. Following treatment, the separate contributions of the treatment components for communicative responding and for inappropriate behavior were evaluated with a reversal design. The results indicated that both sets of treatment components were necessary for maximal control over aberrant behavior. These results are discussed in relation to the efficiency, history, and control over reinforcement of both appropriate and inappropriate responses.
我们对一项功能性沟通训练计划的各个治疗组成部分进行了评估，该计划针对3名重度残障人士，他们各自表现出不同形式的异常行为。在对不适当行为（自我伤害、刻板行为、攻击行为）的维持条件进行功能分析之后，每位参与者都接受训练，以发出一种具有寻求强化功能的沟通反应。对于2名参与者，还包括了对不适当行为的后果处理（隔离或逐步引导）。治疗持续进行，直到参与者能够独立发出沟通反应，并且在至少两个疗程中未观察到不适当行为的发生。治疗结束后，采用反转设计对治疗组成部分在沟通反应和不适当行为方面的单独作用进行了评估。结果表明，两组治疗组成部分对于最大程度地控制异常行为都是必要的。我们结合适当和不适当反应的强化效率、既往情况及控制对这些结果进行了讨论。
