Department of Neurochemistry, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biocenter of Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2011 Apr;8(2):211-20. doi: 10.1586/epr.11.7.
Synaptic vesicles are key organelles in chemical signal transmission allowing neurons to communicate with each other and neighboring cells. The numerous tasks of synaptic vesicles are governed by a unique set of proteins. Recently, proteomic studies have been performed by several laboratories employing mass spectrometry and immunoblotting in order to identify the complete proteinaceous inventory of the purified synaptic vesicle compartment. Surprisingly, several fold more proteins were assigned to the organelle than previously anticipated. Despite several novel candidates, a large variety of proteins assumed to be only transiently associated with the vesicular compartment turned out to be constitutive components of the synaptic vesicle proteome. In recent years, the focus on protein-protein interactions has led to a deeper understanding of functional aspects in cellular trafficking. Several proteins acting in concert in defined cellular processes build an interactome. This article will survey the interacting partners during the entire synaptic vesicle life cycle identified by proteomic approaches. This includes anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of the synaptic vesicle membrane compartment, transport within the presynapse to the active zone, priming, docking, exocytosis, endocytosis, recycling and neurotransmitter reuptake to replenish the pool of exocytosis-competent synaptic vesicles.
突触小泡是化学信号传递中的关键细胞器，使神经元能够相互通信和与邻近细胞通信。突触小泡的众多功能由一组独特的蛋白质来调控。最近，几个实验室采用质谱和免疫印迹法进行了蛋白质组学研究，以鉴定纯化的突触小泡隔室的完整蛋白质组。令人惊讶的是，与之前预期相比，分配给细胞器的蛋白质数量增加了数倍。尽管有几个新的候选者，但许多被认为仅与囊泡隔室短暂相关的蛋白质最终成为突触小泡蛋白质组的组成成分。近年来，对蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的关注导致了对细胞运输功能方面的深入了解。在特定的细胞过程中协同作用的几种蛋白质构成了一个相互作用组。本文将综述通过蛋白质组学方法鉴定的整个突触小泡生命周期中的相互作用伙伴。这包括突触小泡膜隔室的顺行和逆行轴突运输、在突触前运输到活性区、引发、对接、胞吐、胞吞、再循环和神经递质重摄取以补充有能力进行胞吐的突触小泡库。
