Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2011 Apr;8(2):221-30. doi: 10.1586/epr.11.4.
Bronchial asthma is caused by allergic airway inflammation, resulting in reversible airway obstruction, characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness, bronchoconstriction, increased mucus secretion and an increase in lung vessel permeability. The pathophysiological changes in asthma have been attributed to the altered expression of biologically plausible proteins associated with transcriptional pathways, inflammatory mediators, chemokines, cytokines, apoptosis and cell proliferation. Such multifactorial diseases characteristically involve an interplay of many genetic variations of molecular and biochemical pathways and their interactions with environmental factors. The complex nature of the asthma phenotype, together with genetic heterogeneity and environmental influences, has made it difficult to uncover the aspects that underlie this common disease. Recently, genomic and proteomic technologies have been developed to identify associations between genes, proteins and disease. This approach, called 'omics biology', aims to recognize early onset of disease, institute preventive treatment and identify new molecular targets for novel drugs in multifactorial diseases. This article reviews examples of how proteomic technology can be used to find asthma marker proteins (from the cell model to clinical samples). Identification of protein changes in different stages of asthma could provide further insights into the complex molecular mechanisms involved in this disease. These studies provide new insights for finding novel pathological mediators and biomarkers of asthma.
支气管哮喘是由过敏性气道炎症引起的，导致可逆性气道阻塞，其特征为气道高反应性、支气管收缩、黏液分泌增加和肺血管通透性增加。哮喘的病理生理变化归因于与转录途径、炎症介质、趋化因子、细胞因子、细胞凋亡和细胞增殖相关的生物学上合理的蛋白质表达的改变。这种多因素疾病的特征在于分子和生化途径的许多遗传变异及其与环境因素的相互作用的相互作用。哮喘表型的复杂性，加上遗传异质性和环境影响，使得揭示这种常见疾病的基础方面变得困难。最近，已经开发了基因组学和蛋白质组学技术来识别基因、蛋白质和疾病之间的关联。这种方法称为“组学生物学”，旨在识别疾病的早期发作，进行预防性治疗，并为多因素疾病的新型药物确定新的分子靶标。本文综述了蛋白质组学技术如何用于寻找哮喘标记蛋白的实例（从细胞模型到临床样本）。鉴定哮喘不同阶段的蛋白变化可以进一步深入了解该疾病涉及的复杂分子机制。这些研究为寻找哮喘的新型病理介质和生物标志物提供了新的思路。
