A genome-wide association study reveals association between common variants in an intergenic region of 4q25 and high-grade myopia in the Chinese Han population.

High-grade myopia (HM) is highly heritable, and has a high prevalence in the Han Chinese population. We carried out a genome-wide association study involving 102 HM cases suffering from retinal degeneration, and 335 controls who were free from HM and fundus diseases. Significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms were replicated in two follow-up studies: stage I involved 2628 independent cases and 9485 controls, and stage II involved a further 263 cases and 586 HM-free controls. The results were combined in a meta-analysis. Cases and controls were drawn from the Chinese Han population. A locus in an intergenic region at 4q25, within MYP11 (4q22-q27, OMIM: 609994), was found to be associated with HM (rs10034228, P(meta) = 7.70 × 10(-13), allelic odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.76-0.86). There are no known genes in the region but a number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been located there, one of which (BI480957) has been reported to express in the native human retinal pigment epithelium. In addition, a predicted gene was identified in this region. The gene's predicted protein sequence is highly similar to tubulin, beta 8 and beta-tubulin 4Q. Several previous studies have shown that tubulin plays an important role in eye development. Our result is compatible with a previous linkage study in the Han Chinese population (mapping in MYP11, 4q22-q27), and provides a more accurate locus for HM. Although there is insufficient evidence to indicate that expressed EST and the predicted gene play an important role in developing HM, this region merits further study as a candidate for the disease.