氰化氢对淡水鱼类的急性毒性

Acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide to freshwater fishes.

作者信息

Smith L L, Broderius S J, Oseid D M, Kimball G L, Koenst W M

出版信息

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1978;7(3):325-37. doi: 10.1007/BF02332060.

DOI:10.1007/BF02332060

Abstract

Acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide was determined at various temperatures from 4 degrees to 30 degrees C and oxygen concentrations of 3.36 to 9.26 mg/L on different life history stages of five species of fish: fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Refinesque; bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque; yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill); brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill); and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Median lethal threshold concentrations and 96-hr LC50's were established by flow-through type biassays. Acute toxicity varied from 57 microgram/L for juvenile rainbow trout to 191 microgram/L for field stocks of juvenile fathead minnows. Juvenile fish were more sensitive at lower temperatures and at oxygen levels below 5 mg/L. For most species juveniles were most sensitive and eggs more resistant.

摘要

在4摄氏度至30摄氏度的不同温度以及3.36毫克/升至9.26毫克/升的氧浓度条件下，测定了氰化氢对五种鱼类不同生活史阶段的急性毒性，这五种鱼类分别是：黑头呆鱼（Pimephales promelas Refinesque）、蓝鳃太阳鱼（Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque）、黄鲈（Perca flavescens (Mitchill)）、溪红点鲑（Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)）和虹鳟（Salmo gairdneri Richardson）。通过流水式生物测定法确定了半数致死阈值浓度和96小时半数致死浓度（LC50）。急性毒性范围从幼体虹鳟的57微克/升至幼体黑头呆鱼野外种群的191微克/升。幼鱼在较低温度和低于5毫克/升的氧水平下更为敏感。对于大多数物种而言，幼体最为敏感，而鱼卵则更具抗性。