Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
Chemosphere. 2011 Aug;84(8):1140-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.027. Epub 2011 May 4.
The anthropogenic impact on the pristine karst lakes was investigated using combination of specific parameters, including multielemental analysis of major inorganic constituents (Al, K, Fe) and trace metals (Li, Ag, Cd, Sn, Pb, Bi, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Sb), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and anionic surfactants of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) type. The study was performed in the Plitvice Lakes National Park, situated in a sparsely populated area of the northwestern Dinarides, central Croatia. Dated cores of recent sediments from the two biggest lakes, Lake Prosce and Lake Kozjak, were analysed for the selected contaminants using highly specific methods, involving inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The concentration of inorganic constituents reflected primarily the geological background of the area as well as geomorphological and geochemical characteristics of the Plitvice Lakes. Due to the higher terrigenous input, the concentration of all elements was significantly higher in the Lake Prosce. The concentration of toxic metals was relatively low in both lakes, except for Cd (>1 mg kg(-1)) and Pb (up to 40 mg kg(-1)). The vertical profiles of these metals suggested that elevated concentrations of Cd were of natural origin, derived from the erosion of the Jurassic dolomite bedrock, while Pb was predominately of recent anthropogenic origin. A similar distribution pattern, suggesting the same prevailing mechanism of input, was observed for pyrolytic PAHs. The characteristic diagnostic PAH ratios revealed that higher PAHs prevailingly originated from the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. LAS, which represent highly specific indicators of untreated wastewaters, were found in rather high concentrations in the recent sediment layers (up to 4.7 mg kg(-1)), suggesting that contaminated household and hotel wastewaters reach the Lakes, very probably by leaking through the porous karst rocks.
采用多种参数结合的方法研究了原生喀斯特湖的人为影响，包括主要无机成分（Al、K、Fe）和痕量金属（Li、Ag、Cd、Sn、Pb、Bi、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn 和 Sb）、多环芳烃（PAHs）和直链烷基苯磺酸盐（LAS）型阴离子表面活性剂的多元素分析。该研究在普利特维采湖国家公园进行，该公园位于克罗地亚中北部迪纳里德山脉人烟稀少的地区。使用高度特异性的方法对来自两个最大湖泊——普罗斯切湖和科兹雅克湖的最近沉积物的年代核心进行了选定污染物的分析，这些方法涉及电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP/MS）、气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）和液相色谱/串联质谱（LC/MS/MS）。无机成分的浓度主要反映了该地区的地质背景以及普利特维采湖的地貌和地球化学特征。由于较高的陆源输入，普罗斯切湖的所有元素浓度都明显较高。两个湖泊中的有毒金属浓度相对较低，除 Cd（>1mgkg(-1)）和 Pb（高达 40mgkg(-1)）外。这些金属的垂直分布表明，Cd 的高浓度是自然起源的，源自侏罗纪白云岩基岩的侵蚀，而 Pb 主要是近代人为起源的。类似的分布模式表明，相同的输入主导机制也适用于热解多环芳烃。特征诊断多环芳烃比表明，较高的多环芳烃主要源自生物质和化石燃料的燃烧。LAS 是未处理废水的高度特异性指标，在最近的沉积层中发现浓度相当高（高达 4.7mgkg(-1)），这表明受污染的家庭和酒店废水很可能通过多孔喀斯特岩石渗漏进入湖泊。
