Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 Sep;146(1):1-13. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21459.
The goal of this longitudinal study was to assess the impact of economic change and increased market integration on subsistence strategies, living conditions, growth, and nutritional status of Ribeirinhos living in the rural Amazon, Brazil. Data on weight, height, skinfolds, and circumferences, as well as data on economic strategies and living conditions were collected from 469 individuals in 2002 and 429 in 2009. Of these, 204 individuals were measured on both occasions. Independent and paired t-tests were used to identify changes in nutritional status over time in the larger sample and smaller, longitudinal subsample, respectively. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between changes in economic/living conditions and nutritional status in the longitudinal subsample. Results indicate modest improvements in linear growth (HAZ) and among male children the observed increase was related to enrollment in the Brazilian conditional cash transfer program, Bolsa Família (P = 0.03). In terms of short-term measures of nutritional status, we found a significant increase in ZTSF and a reduction in ZUMA in most age/sex groups. Among subadults, there was a negative relationship between ZUMA and access to electricity (P = 0.01) and positive relationship between ZUMA and the sale of the açaí fruit (P = 0.04). Significant changes in weight and BMI (P < 0.01) were found among adult females and both were negatively related to household cash income (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Despite significant changes in economic strategies and lifestyle, changes in nutritional status were modest which may be explained by increased food insecurity documented during this early stage of transition.
本纵向研究的目的是评估经济变化和市场一体化对巴西亚马孙农村里贝罗人（Ribeirinhos）的生计策略、生活条件、生长和营养状况的影响。2002 年收集了 469 个人的数据，包括体重、身高、皮褶厚度和围度，以及经济策略和生活条件的数据，2009 年收集了 429 个人的数据。其中，204 个人在这两个时间点都进行了测量。使用独立和配对 t 检验分别识别大样本和小的纵向样本中营养状况随时间的变化。使用多元线性回归检验纵向样本中经济/生活条件变化与营养状况之间的关系。结果表明，线性生长（HAZ）有适度改善，在男童中，观察到的增长与巴西有条件现金转移计划 Bolsa Família 的入学有关（P = 0.03）。就短期营养状况衡量标准而言，我们发现大多数年龄/性别组的 ZTSF 显著增加，ZUMA 减少。在未成年中，ZUMA 与电力供应呈负相关（P = 0.01），与 acai 果销售呈正相关（P = 0.04）。成年女性的体重和 BMI 发生了显著变化（P < 0.01），两者都与家庭现金收入呈负相关（P = 0.02 和 P = 0.03）。尽管经济策略和生活方式发生了重大变化，但营养状况的变化较为适度，这可能是由于在转型的早期阶段记录到了粮食不安全程度的增加。
