De Cauwer B, Van den Berge K, Cougnon M, Bulcke R, Reheul D
Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Production, Coupure Links 653, BE-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2010;75(2):61-72.
Fertilizer amendments can impact weed populations in a variety of ways. This study evaluated the effects of 12 year-long applications of different fertilization systems on size and composition of the weed seed bank in a conventionally managed maize monoculture field. Fertilization systems included all factorial combinations of two dairy cattle slurry rates, three vegetable, fruit and garden waste (VFG) compost rates, and three synthetic N fertilizer rates. Soil samples were taken in each subplot in May 2008 after sowing and prior to herbicide application. Residues recovered from soil samples were tested for weed seedling emergence to characterize soil seed banks. Total weed seed bank density was affected by mineral N fertilization but not by compost or animal slurry application. Weed seed bank composition was related to compost amendment and mineral N fertilization. Annual compost amendments reduced seed bank density of some persistent species (e.g., Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum) irrespective of mineral N fertilization. Compost is a promising tool for incorporation into integrated weed control strategies aimed at reducing weed seed bank persistence.
肥料改良剂可以通过多种方式影响杂草种群。本研究评估了在传统管理的玉米单作田中，连续12年施用不同施肥系统对杂草种子库大小和组成的影响。施肥系统包括两种奶牛粪便施用量、三种蔬菜、水果和园林废弃物（VFG）堆肥施用量以及三种合成氮肥施用量的所有因子组合。2008年5月播种后且在施用除草剂之前，在每个小区采集土壤样本。对从土壤样本中回收的残留物进行杂草幼苗出土测试，以表征土壤种子库。杂草种子库总密度受矿物氮肥影响，但不受堆肥或动物粪便施用的影响。杂草种子库组成与堆肥改良和矿物氮肥施用有关。无论矿物氮肥施用情况如何，每年进行堆肥改良都会降低一些持久性物种（如藜和龙葵）的种子库密度。堆肥是一种很有前景的工具，可纳入旨在减少杂草种子库持久性的综合杂草控制策略中。
