Sumalan R M, Alexa E, Negrea M, Sumalan R L, Doncean A, Pop G
Banat's University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Soil Microbiology Department, Calea Aradului, 119 Timisoara, Romania.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2010;75(2):167-72.
Glyphosate applied to soils potentially affect microbial activity. A series of field and laboratory experiments assessed the effect of this herbicide on soil microorganisms. The aim of experiments was to evaluate the effect of glyphosate application on the soil microbial community structure, function and their activity. We studied "in vitro", changes in the microbial activity of typical Chernozem and Gleysol soils, with and without applied glyphosate. The herbicide was applied at a rate of 2, respectively 4 mg kg(-1) of soil and microbial activity were measured by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis. We found an increase of 9 to 13% in FDA hydrolyses in the presence of glyphosate in rate of 2 mg kg (-1) compared with the same type of soil which had never received herbicide. The double quantity of glyphosate decrease soil microbial activity; the amount of hydrolyzed fluorescein is lower than the addition of 2 ppm. The greater decrease was observed in the Gleysol type where the fluorescein hydrolyzed is with 4, 85% lower than version control without glyphosate. Chemical characters of soil, influence soil biological activity when herbicide is added. In Chemozem case, rich in humus, whose predominant micro flora is represented by actinomycetes through glyphosate treatment these organisms growths of as major producers of antibiotics actinomycetes determine an inhibitory effect on eubacteria and micromycetes growth, which is highlighted by estimating a relatively small number of them. After 10 days, once with decreasing of glyphosate content in soil, decreases the number of active actinomycetes, therefore we are witnessing to a numerical growth of bacterial population. In Gleysol type the indigenous micro flora is represented by eubacteria, so when the glyphosate is added it was registered a high growth of these organisms fraction.
施用于土壤中的草甘膦可能会影响微生物活性。一系列田间和实验室实验评估了这种除草剂对土壤微生物的影响。实验目的是评估草甘膦施用对土壤微生物群落结构、功能及其活性的影响。我们在“体外”研究了典型黑钙土和潜育土在施用和未施用草甘膦情况下微生物活性的变化。除草剂的施用量分别为2和4毫克/千克土壤，通过荧光素二乙酸酯（FDA）水解来测量微生物活性。我们发现，与从未施用除草剂的同类型土壤相比，在草甘膦施用量为2毫克/千克时，FDA水解增加了9%至13%。草甘膦用量加倍会降低土壤微生物活性；水解荧光素的量低于添加2 ppm时的量。在潜育土类型中观察到的降幅更大，其中水解的荧光素比未施用草甘膦的对照低4.85%。添加除草剂时，土壤的化学特性会影响土壤生物活性。在黑钙土的情况下，富含腐殖质，其主要微生物群落以放线菌为主，通过草甘膦处理，这些作为抗生素主要生产者的放线菌的生长对真细菌和微真菌的生长产生抑制作用，这通过估计它们相对较少的数量得以凸显。10天后，随着土壤中草甘膦含量的降低，活性放线菌数量减少，因此我们看到细菌种群数量增加。在潜育土类型中，原生微生物群落以真细菌为主，所以当添加草甘膦时，这些微生物部分出现了高增长。
