The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Br J Educ Psychol. 2011 Jun;81(Pt 2):292-308. doi: 10.1348/000709910X514004. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
Research on gender differences in intelligence has focused mostly on samples from Western countries and empirical evidence on gender differences from Southeast Asia is relatively sparse.
This article presents results on gender differences in variance and means on a non-verbal intelligence test using a national sample of public school students from the Philippines.
More than 2,700 sixth graders from public schools across the country were tested with the Naglieri Non-verbal Ability Test (NNAT).
Variance ratios (VRs) and log-transformed VRs were computed. Proportion ratios for each of the ability levels were also calculated and a chi-square goodness-of-fit test was performed. An analysis of variance was performed to determine the overall gender difference in mean scores as well as within each of three age subgroups.
Our data show non-existent or trivial gender difference in mean scores. However, the tails of the distributions show differences between the males and females, with greater variability among males in the upper half of the distribution and greater variability among females in the lower half of the distribution. Descriptions of the results and their implications are discussed.
Results on mean score differences support the hypothesis that there are no significant gender differences in cognitive ability. The unusual results regarding differences in variance and the male-female proportion in the tails require more complex investigations.
关于智力的性别差异的研究大多集中在来自西方国家的样本上，而来自东南亚的关于性别差异的实证证据相对较少。
本文介绍了使用菲律宾全国公立学校学生样本，在非言语智力测验上关于方差和均值的性别差异的结果。
全国的 2700 多名六年级公立学校学生接受了纳格利尔非言语能力测验（NNAT）的测试。
计算方差比（VR）和对数变换后的 VR。还计算了每个能力水平的比例比，并进行了卡方拟合优度检验。进行方差分析以确定总平均分数的性别差异，以及在三个年龄亚组中的每一个中的性别差异。
我们的数据显示，平均分数的性别差异不存在或微不足道。然而，分布的尾部显示出男性和女性之间的差异，分布的上半部分男性的变异性较大，分布的下半部分女性的变异性较大。讨论了结果的描述及其意义。
关于平均分数差异的结果支持这样的假设，即认知能力没有显著的性别差异。方差和尾部的男性-女性比例的差异的异常结果需要更复杂的调查。
