Effectiveness of stimulated menstrual cycles and Percoll sperm preparation in intrauterine insemination.

To examine the usefulness of intrauterine insemination in women with various fertility factors, we retrospectively analyzed data from women treated during 1986 and 1987. Ninety-three patients underwent 1-11 cycles of single or double procedures, for a total of 423 inseminations in 263 treatment cycles. Twenty-six patients (28%) conceived, for a 10% total pregnancy rate per cycle, with 58% of the pregnancies resulting from double inseminations per cycle. An average of two treatment cycles was required to achieve pregnancy. Eight pregnancies (31%) occurred in spontaneous cycles, while 18 (69%) occurred in stimulated cycles. While clomiphene citrate therapy was useful in anovulatory patients, it was of no benefit in ovulatory patients being treated with intrauterine insemination. Human menopausal gonadotropin therapy was of benefit in both ovulatory and anovulatory patients when combined with intrauterine insemination. The live birth rate was higher (75%) in spontaneous cycles than in stimulated cycles (44%). Semen preparation was accomplished by sperm washing in 61% of the pregnancies and by Percoll preparation in 39%. The effectiveness of the discontinuous Percoll gradient for semen preparation for insemination was suggested by a pregnancy rate of 9% per cycle. While the mean sperm count in the pregnant group was 44 million, successful pregnancy was accomplished with a double insemination of 880,000 and 1.16 million rapidly progressive sperm in the first and second inseminate, respectively. The data confirm the important role of intrauterine insemination for the treatment of infertility.