Wu Ji-Cheng, Guan Xiu-Juan, Yang Yong-Hui
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2011 Jan;22(1):86-92.
An investigation was made at a hilly upland in western Henan Province to understand the effects of water-retaining agent (0, 45, and 60 kg x hm(-2)), straw mulching (3000 and 6000 kg x hm(-2)), and plastic mulching (thickness < 0.005 mm) on winter wheat growth, soil moisture and nutrition conditions, and precipitation use. All the three measures promoted winter wheat growth, enhanced grain yield and precipitation use efficiency, and improved soil moisture and nutritional regimes. These positive effects were more obvious when the straw- or plastic mulching was combined with the use of water-retaining agent. Comparing with the control, all the measures increased the soil moisture content at different growth stages by 0.1%-6.5%. Plastic film mulching had the best water-retention effect before jointing stage, whereas water-retaining agent showed its best effect after jointing stage. Soil moisture content was the lowest at flowering and grain-filling stages. Land cover increased the grain yield by 2.6%-20.1%. The yield increment was the greatest (14.2%-20.1%) by the combined use of straw mulching and water-retaining agent, followed by plastic mulching combined with water-retaining agent (11.9% on average). Land cover also improved the precipitation use efficiency (0.4-3.2 kg x mm(-1) x hm(-2)) in a similar trend as the grain yield. This study showed that land cover and water-retaining agent improved soil moisture and nutrition conditions and precipitation utilization, which in turn, promoted the tillering of winter wheat, and increased the grain number per ear and the 1000-grain mass.
在豫西丘陵山地开展了一项调查，以了解保水剂（0、45和60 kg·hm⁻²）、秸秆覆盖（3000和6000 kg·hm⁻²）和地膜覆盖（厚度<0.005 mm）对冬小麦生长、土壤水分和养分状况以及降水利用的影响。这三种措施均促进了冬小麦生长，提高了籽粒产量和降水利用效率，改善了土壤水分和养分状况。当秸秆或地膜覆盖与保水剂结合使用时，这些积极效果更为明显。与对照相比，所有措施使不同生育阶段的土壤含水量提高了0.1% - 6.5%。地膜覆盖在拔节期前保水效果最佳，而保水剂在拔节后效果最佳。开花期和灌浆期土壤含水量最低。覆盖措施使籽粒产量提高了2.6% - 20.1%。秸秆覆盖与保水剂结合使用时产量增幅最大（14.2% - 20.1%），其次是地膜覆盖与保水剂结合（平均增幅11.9%）。覆盖措施还以与籽粒产量相似的趋势提高了降水利用效率（0.4 - 3.2 kg·mm⁻¹·hm⁻²）。本研究表明，覆盖措施和保水剂改善了土壤水分和养分状况以及降水利用效率，进而促进了冬小麦分蘖，增加了穗粒数和千粒重。
