Levine M M, Edelman R
Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1990 Mar;4(1):105-21.
A small number of bacterial agents, including enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shigella and Vibrio cholerae 01 and one virus, rotavirus, combine to cause a major proportion of the diarrheal illness of public health importance worldwide. Salmonella typhi is by far the major cause of enteric fever. Attempts to develop safe, practical, and effective vaccines against these agents are under way. Examples of vaccine candidates include live oral vaccines against S. typhi, V. cholerae, Shigella, and rotavirus, and inactivated, submit vaccines given parentally or orally against S. typhi, V. cholerae or ETEC. Although the oral attenuated S. typhi vaccine is ready for commercial license, it will be several years before the other vaccines are proven to be practically safe and effective in children and adults.
少数几种病原体，包括产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）、致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）、志贺氏菌、霍乱弧菌O1群，以及一种病毒——轮状病毒，共同导致了全球范围内具有公共卫生重要性的大部分腹泻疾病。伤寒沙门氏菌是目前肠热病的主要病因。针对这些病原体研发安全、实用且有效的疫苗的工作正在进行中。候选疫苗的例子包括针对伤寒沙门氏菌、霍乱弧菌、志贺氏菌和轮状病毒的口服活疫苗，以及针对伤寒沙门氏菌、霍乱弧菌或产肠毒素大肠杆菌通过肠胃外途径或口服给予的灭活亚单位疫苗。尽管口服减毒伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗已准备好获得商业许可，但其他疫苗要在儿童和成人中被证明实际安全有效还需要数年时间。
