Agricultural Faculty, Soil Science Department, Harran University, 63000 Sanlıurfa, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Mar;184(3):1633-43. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2066-y. Epub 2011 May 8.
When agricultural lands are no longer used for agriculture and allowed to recover its natural vegetation, soil organic carbon can accumulate in the soil. Measurements of soil organic carbon and aggregate stability changes under various forms of land use are needed for the development of sustainable systems. Therefore, comparison of soil samples taken from both agricultural and nearby area close to land-mined fields where no agricultural practices have been done since 1956 can be a good approach to evaluate the effects of tillage and agriculture on soil quality. The objective of this study was to compare tillage, cropping and no tillage effects on some soil-quality parameters. Four different locations along the Turkey-Syria border were selected to determine effects of tillage and cropping on soil quality. Each location was evaluated separately because of different soil type and treatments. Comparisons were made between non-tilled and non-cropped fallow since 1956 and adjacent restricted lands that were tilled about every 2 years but not planted (T) or adjacent lands tilled and planted with wheat and lentil (P). Three samples were taken from the depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm each site. Soil organic carbon (SOC), pH ,electrical conductivity, water soluble Ca(++), Mg(++), CO₃⁻² and HCO₃⁻, extractable potassium (K(+)) and sodium (Na(+)), soil texture, ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) and nitrate (NO(3)-N), extractable phosphorous and soil aggregate stability were determined. While the SOC contents of continuous tillage without cropping and continuous tillage and cropping were 2.2 and 11.6 g kg(-1), respectively, it was 30 g kg(-1) in non-tilled and non-planted site. Tillage of soil without the input of any plant material resulted in loss of carbon from the soil in all sites. Soil extractable NO(3)-N contents of non-tilled and non-cropped sites were greatest among all treatments. Agricultural practices increased phosphorus and potassium contents in the soil profile. P(2)O(5) contents of planted soils were approximately 20 to 39 times greater than those of non-tilled and non-cropped soils at different sites. FTIR spectra showed that never tilled sites had greater phenol, carboxylic acid, amide, aromatic compounds, polysaccharide and carbohydrates than other treatments.
当农田不再用于农业，让其自然植被恢复时，土壤中的有机碳可以在土壤中积累。为了开发可持续系统，需要对各种土地利用形式下的土壤有机碳和团聚体稳定性变化进行测量。因此，对自 1956 年以来未进行农业活动的矿区附近农田和农业区采集的土壤样本进行比较，可以很好地评估耕作和农业对土壤质量的影响。本研究的目的是比较耕作、种植和免耕对一些土壤质量参数的影响。在土耳其-叙利亚边境沿线选择了四个不同的地点，以确定耕作和种植对土壤质量的影响。由于不同的土壤类型和处理方式，每个地点都单独进行评估。对 1956 年以来未耕作和未种植的休耕地（非耕和非作）与每两年耕作一次但不种植的限制地（T）或耕作和种植小麦和扁豆的相邻土地（P）进行了比较。从每个地点的 0-20cm 和 20-40cm 深度处采集了三个样本。测定了土壤有机碳（SOC）、pH 值、电导率、水溶性 Ca(++）、Mg(++）、CO₃⁻² 和 HCO₃⁻、可提取钾（K(+））和钠（Na(+））、土壤质地、铵（NH₄⁺-N）和硝酸盐（NO(3)-N）、可提取磷和土壤团聚体稳定性。连续耕作但不种植和连续耕作且种植的 SOC 含量分别为 2.2 和 11.6gkg(-1），而未耕作且未种植的 SOC 含量为 30gkg(-1）。在所有地点，不向土壤中添加任何植物材料的耕作都会导致土壤中碳的流失。所有处理中，未耕作且未种植地的土壤可提取 NO(3)-N 含量最大。农业措施增加了土壤剖面中的磷和钾含量。不同地点种植土壤的 P(2)O(5）含量比未耕作和未种植土壤高约 20 至 39 倍。FTIR 光谱表明，从未耕作过的土壤中含有更多的酚类、羧酸、酰胺、芳香族化合物、多糖和碳水化合物，而其他处理方式则没有。
