Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2011 Sep;25(3):446-54. doi: 10.1037/a0023777.
"Impulsivity" has been consistently identified as a key personality predictor of alcohol-related problems and subsequent alcohol use disorder. Multiple prior studies have demonstrated impulsivity is an individual difference factor that strengthens the effects of some risk factors, such as alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms, on alcohol problems. However, recent research indicated common measures of impulsivity actually reflect multiple dispositions toward rash action, and that alcohol problems were most consistently related to one of those dispositions, negative urgency. Little research has examined how specific dispositions to rash action may act as putative moderators of other risk factors for alcohol problems. The goal of the current study was to test which dispositions to rash action moderated the effects of concurrent alcohol use or depressive symptoms on alcohol problems. Using a large cross-sectional sample of college students (n = 573), the current study utilized semicontinuous regression models, which allow prediction of both the likelihood and level of alcohol problems. Negative urgency was found to be the main predictor of alcohol problems, above and beyond other dispositions to rash action, which replicates prior research. However, each of the other dispositions exhibited risk-enhancing effects on the relations between either depressive symptoms or alcohol use and concurrent alcohol problems. Specifically, lower levels of premeditation enhanced the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol problems, while lower perseverance and higher sensation seeking were related to more alcohol problems at higher levels of alcohol use. Results suggest that multiple dispositions to rash action were related to problematic alcohol use both directly and via their interaction with other risk factors.
“冲动性”一直被认为是与酒精相关问题和随后的酒精使用障碍的关键人格预测因素。多项先前的研究表明，冲动性是个体差异因素，它会增强某些风险因素的影响，如饮酒和抑郁症状，对酒精问题的影响。然而，最近的研究表明，冲动性的常见衡量标准实际上反映了对轻率行为的多种倾向，而酒精问题与其中一种倾向，即负性冲动，最为一致。很少有研究探讨特定的轻率行为倾向如何作为酒精问题其他风险因素的假定调节剂。本研究的目的是检验轻率行为的哪些倾向可以调节当前饮酒或抑郁症状对酒精问题的影响。本研究使用了大学生的大型横断面样本（n=573），采用半连续回归模型，该模型允许预测酒精问题的可能性和水平。负性冲动被发现是酒精问题的主要预测因素，超过了其他轻率行为倾向，这与先前的研究结果一致。然而，其他每一种轻率行为倾向都表现出对抑郁症状或饮酒与当前饮酒问题之间关系的风险增强效应。具体而言，较低的计划性增强了抑郁症状与酒精问题之间的关联，而较低的坚持性和较高的感觉寻求性与较高的饮酒水平相关的更多酒精问题有关。结果表明，多种轻率行为倾向直接且通过与其他风险因素的相互作用与问题性饮酒有关。
