Levinson R S, Strauss J H, Strauss E G
Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.
Virology. 1990 Mar;175(1):110-23. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90191-s.
The alphaviruses are a group of about 25 positive-strand RNA viruses that are important human and veterinary pathogens and that are geographically dispersed. We report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of the alphavirus, O'nyong-nyong virus. The RNA is 11,835 nucleotides in length and the organization of the genome is typical of alphaviruses. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from the protein sequences of O'nyong-nyong and six other alphaviruses. Trees were constructed for each nonstructural and structural viral protein individually in order to detect any possible recombination events, as well as to examine the differential divergence among the various proteins. The members of each tree can be divided into three subgroups: the Semliki Forest virus subgroup (Semliki Forest, O'nyong-nyong, and Ross River viruses), the eastern equine encephalitis virus subgroup (eastern equine encephalitis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses), and the Sindbis virus subgroup. Sindbis virus, which is geographically restricted to the Old World, is more closely related to the eastern equine encephalitis subgroup, which are New World viruses, than it is to the Semliki Forest virus subgroup, which are mostly Old World viruses. Western equine encephalitis virus is a special case because it is a recombinant virus. Its nonstructural and capsid proteins are most closely related to those of eastern equine encephalitis virus while its glycoproteins are most closely related to those of Sindbis virus. All members of a given subgroup have diverged the same amount from their common node point. However, the structural proteins of the Semliki Forest virus subgroup are more closely related to one another than those of the eastern equine encephalitis virus subgroup. This difference probably indicates that the members of the eastern equine encephalitis virus subgroup diverged earlier than the members of the Semliki Forest virus subgroup, which suggests that the alphaviruses originated in the New World.
甲病毒是一组约25种正链RNA病毒，是重要的人类和兽医病原体，在地理上广泛分布。我们在此报告甲病毒奥尼昂-尼昂病毒基因组RNA的完整核苷酸序列。该RNA长度为11,835个核苷酸，基因组结构是典型的甲病毒结构。根据奥尼昂-尼昂病毒和其他六种甲病毒的蛋白质序列构建了系统发育树。分别为每种非结构和结构病毒蛋白构建树，以检测任何可能的重组事件，并检查各种蛋白质之间的差异分歧。每棵树的成员可分为三个亚组：塞姆利基森林病毒亚组（塞姆利基森林病毒、奥尼昂-尼昂病毒和罗斯河病毒）、东部马脑炎病毒亚组（东部马脑炎病毒和委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒）和辛德毕斯病毒亚组。辛德毕斯病毒在地理上局限于旧大陆，与作为新大陆病毒的东部马脑炎亚组的关系比与大多是旧大陆病毒的塞姆利基森林病毒亚组的关系更密切。西部马脑炎病毒是一个特殊情况，因为它是一种重组病毒。它的非结构蛋白和衣壳蛋白与东部马脑炎病毒的最为密切相关，而其糖蛋白与辛德毕斯病毒的最为密切相关。给定亚组的所有成员从其共同节点点分歧的程度相同。然而，塞姆利基森林病毒亚组的结构蛋白彼此之间的关系比东部马脑炎病毒亚组的结构蛋白更为密切。这种差异可能表明东部马脑炎病毒亚组的成员比塞姆利基森林病毒亚组的成员分歧更早，这表明甲病毒起源于新大陆。
