Department of Civil Engineering, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Waste Manag Res. 2011 Oct;29(10):1071-7. doi: 10.1177/0734242X11402871. Epub 2011 May 9.
Environmentally sustainable waste management practices have a limited relevance and viability in developing countries. Despite a technological potential, composting initiatives often share this fate. Little is known about the functioning of community level composting, which is reportedly the optimal level for viable compost production. This paper presents a multidisciplinary analysis of factors influencing the success and failure of the composting initiative of KIWODET, a community based organization in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The results show that despite the ready availability and good compostability of the waste stream, not all fractions of municipal organic wastes qualify as feedstock. Negative consumer attitude hindered the acceptance of compost produced from residential wastes. KIWODET did manage to successfully implement a composting operation for commercial organic wastes. Their additional waste collection and sorting activities also contributed to an increased feedstock control as well as the integration of informal waste collecting activities. When KIWODET was forced to suspend its composting activities because of land use issues, their diversified waste sector activities proved crucial in reducing the negative financial impact on their overall performance. This paper emphasizes that successful composting initiatives can arise from local capacity in developing countries. However, the lack of municipal integration and support leaves such technically viable initiatives strongly vulnerable to external factors.
在发展中国家，环境可持续的废物管理实践的相关性和可行性有限。尽管有技术潜力，但堆肥计划往往也会遭遇同样的命运。关于社区层面的堆肥运作情况知之甚少，而据报道，这是可行堆肥生产的最佳层次。本文对坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆的社区组织 KIWODET 的堆肥计划的成功和失败因素进行了多学科分析。结果表明，尽管废物流的可用性和良好的堆肥性，但并非所有城市有机废物的都符合原料标准。消费者的负面态度阻碍了对来自居民废物的堆肥的接受。KIWODET 确实成功地为商业有机废物实施了堆肥作业。他们额外的废物收集和分类活动也有助于加强对原料的控制，并将非正式的废物收集活动整合在一起。当 KIWODET 因土地使用问题被迫暂停其堆肥活动时，他们多样化的废物处理活动在降低对整体绩效的负面影响方面发挥了关键作用。本文强调，发展中国家可以从当地能力中产生成功的堆肥计划。然而，缺乏市政整合和支持使得这些在技术上可行的计划容易受到外部因素的影响。
