Rimkuviene Jurate, Puriene Alina, Peciuliene Vytaute, Zaleckas Linas
Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Žalgirio str. 115, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Stomatologija. 2011;13(1):2-7.
The transmission of blood-borne viruses in dental offices is a potential hazard to patients and dental staff. The aim of the study was to clarify the current situation regarding hepatitis B virus vaccination, percutaneous injuries among members of the Lithuanian dental community.
A confidential, self administered questionnaire was send to all 2235 Lithuanian general dental practitioners. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, practice time, working place and environment, hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, history of hepatitis B infection, and needlestick and sharp instruments injury (NSII).
Overall response rate was 64.7% (87.4% of them were women; 64.1% were working in five major cities of Lithuania and 60.8% in private clinics. Mean age of respondents was 44.8 (range 23 - 74 years). As much as 95.3% dentists expressed concern about the risk of cross-infection from patients to themselves and their dental assistants. Respondents reported: complete immunization against HBV (35.9%); previous hepatitis infection (4.3%); needlestick and sharp instruments injury (78.5%); collecting medical history about HBV from patients (30.9%).
Despite a high risk of needlestick and sharp instruments injury in the dental practice as well as high risk of HBV infection and the existence of strong rules and recommendations for routine HBV vaccination, vaccine coverage among Lithuanian dentists cannot be assumed to be adequate. Further continuing education programs and stronger control measures might be suggested.
血源性病原体在牙科诊所的传播对患者和牙科工作人员来说是一种潜在危害。本研究的目的是阐明立陶宛牙科界成员在乙肝病毒疫苗接种及经皮损伤方面的现状。
向所有2235名利陶宛普通牙科医生发送了一份保密的自填式问卷。该问卷收集了社会人口学特征、执业时间、工作地点和环境、乙肝病毒（HBV）疫苗接种情况、乙肝感染史以及针刺和锐器损伤（NSII）等方面的数据。
总体回复率为64.7%（其中87.4%为女性；64.1%在立陶宛的五个主要城市工作，60.8%在私人诊所工作。受访者的平均年龄为44.8岁（范围为23 - 74岁）。多达95.3%的牙医表示担心患者将交叉感染风险传染给自己和他们的牙科助手。受访者报告：完成乙肝病毒全程免疫（35.9%）；既往有肝炎感染（4.3%）；针刺和锐器损伤（78.5%）；从患者处收集乙肝病史（30.9%）。
尽管牙科诊疗中针刺和锐器损伤风险高，乙肝病毒感染风险也高，且存在常规乙肝病毒疫苗接种的严格规定和建议，但不能认为立陶宛牙医的疫苗接种覆盖率足够。可能需要进一步开展继续教育项目并加强控制措施。
