Zollner U, Schwarz T F
Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2011 May;136(20):1067-72. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1275845. Epub 2011 May 10.
Human papilloma viruses are responsible for a large number of benign and malignant lesions of the skin. HPV 6 and 11 cause up to 90 % of condylomata. Almost each cervical cancer is associated with HPV. HPV 16 und 18 induce up to 70 % of cervical neoplasias. The vaccination against HPV is internationally implemented and should be applied to young girls aged 12 to 17 according to STIKO criteria. The vaccination may reduce the rate of cervical cancer by 70 % and the rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by 50 %. Many studies demonstrated the efficacy and safetyness of both vaccines. Gardasil (®) offers protection against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18, Cervarix (®) against HPV 16 and 18. Protection against condylomata is offered by the quadrivalent vaccine in 90 %. The bivalent vaccine has demonstrated type-specific protection against the five most frequent cancer inducing types (16, 18, 31, 33, 45). The production of VLPs is an innovative technology. A comparison of both vaccines, Cervarix (®) and Gardasil (®), showed a higher immunogenicity for Cervarix (®). In Germany the immunization rates are still low comparing to other countries. As a method for secondary prevention of cervical cancer the PAP smear is still an effective method.
人乳头瘤病毒可引发大量皮肤的良性和恶性病变。HPV 6和11型导致高达90%的尖锐湿疣。几乎所有宫颈癌都与HPV有关。HPV 16和18型诱发高达70%的宫颈肿瘤。针对HPV的疫苗已在国际上推广使用，根据德国疫苗接种委员会（STIKO）标准，应接种于12至17岁的年轻女孩。该疫苗可使宫颈癌发病率降低70%，宫颈上皮内瘤变发病率降低50%。许多研究证实了这两种疫苗的有效性和安全性。加德西（®）可预防HPV 6、11、16和18型，卉妍康（®）可预防HPV 16和18型。四价疫苗对尖锐湿疣的预防率达90%。二价疫苗已证明对五种最常见的致癌型别（16、18、31、33、45型）具有型特异性保护作用。病毒样颗粒（VLP）的生产是一项创新技术。对卉妍康（®）和加德西（®）这两种疫苗的比较显示，卉妍康（®）具有更高的免疫原性。在德国，与其他国家相比，免疫接种率仍然较低。作为宫颈癌二级预防的一种方法，巴氏涂片检查仍然是一种有效的方法。
