CNRS, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique Théorique, Université François-Rabelais Tours, Fédération Denis Poisson, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Apr 8;106(14):142003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.142003.
Using an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model as a low-energy effective model of QCD, we show that the vacuum in a strong external magnetic field (stronger than 10(16) T) experiences a spontaneous phase transition to an electromagnetically superconducting state. The unexpected superconductivity of, basically, empty space is induced by emergence of quark-antiquark vector condensates with quantum numbers of electrically charged rho mesons. The superconducting phase possesses an anisotropic inhomogeneous structure similar to a periodic Abrikosov lattice in a type-II superconductor. The superconducting vacuum is made of a new type of vortices which are topological defects in the charged vector condensates. The superconductivity is realized along the axis of the magnetic field only. We argue that this effect is absent in pure QED.
我们使用扩展的 Nambu-Jona-Lasinio 模型作为 QCD 的低能有效模型，表明在强外磁场（强于 10(16) T）中，真空经历自发相变到电磁超导态。基本上，由带有电磁荷 rho 介子量子数的夸克-反夸克矢量凝聚体的出现引起了出人意料的、处于真空中的超导性。超导相具有各向异性的非均匀结构，类似于 II 型超导体中的周期性 Abrikosov 格子。超导真空是由带电荷的矢量凝聚体中的拓扑缺陷形成的新型涡旋。超导仅沿着磁场的轴实现。我们认为这种效应在纯 QED 中不存在。
