Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR CNRS 8079, Université, Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Jan 7;279(1726):91-100. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0652. Epub 2011 May 11.
Pollen fate can strongly affect the genetic structure of populations with restricted gene flow and significant inbreeding risk. We established an experimental population of inbred and outbred Silene latifolia plants to evaluate the effects of (i) inbreeding depression, (ii) phenotypic variation and (iii) relatedness between mates on male fitness under natural pollination. Paternity analysis revealed that outbred males sired significantly more offspring than inbred males. Independently of the effects of inbreeding, male fitness depended on several male traits, including a sexually dimorphic (flower number) and a gametophytic trait (in vitro pollen germination rate). In addition, full-sib matings were less frequent than randomly expected. Thus, inbreeding, phenotype and genetic dissimilarity simultaneously affect male fitness in this animal-pollinated plant. While inbreeding depression might threaten population persistence, the deficiency of effective matings between sibs and the higher fitness of outbred males will reduce its occurrence and counter genetic erosion.
花粉命运可以强烈影响遗传结构的种群与有限的基因流动和显著的近亲繁殖风险。我们建立了一个实验种群的自交和杂交的石竹属植物来评估（一）自交衰退，（二）表型变异和（三）配偶之间的亲缘关系对雄性适合度在自然授粉。父权分析表明，与自交雄性相比，异交雄性产生了更多的后代。不论自交的影响，男性的适合度取决于几个男性特征，包括一个性二态（花的数量）和配子体性状（体外花粉发芽率）。此外，全同胞交配比随机预期的要少。因此，在这种动物授粉的植物中，自交、表型和遗传差异同时影响雄性适合度。虽然自交衰退可能威胁到种群的持续存在，但同胞之间有效交配的缺乏和异交雄性的更高适应性将减少其发生并阻止遗传侵蚀。
