Lis Grzegorz
Oddział Pulmonologii, Alergologii i Dermatologii. Klinika Chorób Dzieci CM UJ, Kraków.
Przegl Lek. 2011;68(1):25-8.
Bronchilitis is one of the most common respiratory diseases in infants and early childhood (< 2 ys of age). The diagnosis is clinical and laboratory tests support only recognition of the severity level of the disease. In most cases, the main reason of inflammation are viruses: RSV, rhinovirus. In the terminal bronchioles, inflammation process includes: edema, necrosis of epithelial cells, production of mucus, and possibly some degree of bronchospasm. For decades, controversy has surrounded the treatment of bronchiolitis. Last published consensuses and reviews indicate that use of bronchodilators, antibiotics, steroids systemic or inhaled, montelukast, ribavirin does not improve the symptoms of disease and is not routinely recommended. Recent studies suggest that nebulized hypertonic saline may substantially modify the course of disease. Moreover, there are no significant or frequent adverse effects noted in this treatment. It is believed that increased hydration of the airway mucus with inhalation of NaCl solutions will be routinely accepted treatment of children with bronchiolitis.
支气管炎是婴幼儿（小于2岁）最常见的呼吸道疾病之一。诊断依靠临床症状，实验室检查仅用于辅助判断疾病的严重程度。在大多数情况下，炎症的主要原因是病毒，如呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒。在终末细支气管，炎症过程包括：水肿、上皮细胞坏死、黏液分泌，以及可能出现的一定程度的支气管痉挛。几十年来，关于支气管炎的治疗一直存在争议。最近发表的共识和综述表明，使用支气管扩张剂、抗生素、全身或吸入性类固醇、孟鲁司特、利巴韦林并不能改善疾病症状，因此不常规推荐使用。最近的研究表明，雾化吸入高渗盐水可能会显著改变疾病进程。此外，该治疗方法未观察到明显或频繁的不良反应。人们认为，吸入氯化钠溶液增加气道黏液的水合作用将成为治疗小儿支气管炎的常规方法。
