University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Psychosomatics. 2011 May-Jun;52(3):199-209. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2011.01.036.
Resilience is the capacity of individuals to maintain, or regain, their mental health in the face of significant adversity, including physical illness.
We conducted a systematic review of resilience and related concepts in the physically ill to determine factors associated with predicting or promoting resilience.
An electronic search of PsychInfo, Medline, and CINAHL databases between 1950 and May 2009 was performed using the terms resilience, and various types of physical illnesses. Inclusion criteria were broad and exclusion criteria were not published in English or not focused on resilience in physical illness.
A total of 475 articles were retrieved and 52 articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Psychological factors associated with resilience were self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control, optimism, mastery, hardiness, hope, self-empowerment, acceptance of illness, and determination. Social support was highly predictive of, and associated with, resilience. Coping strategies such as positive cognitive appraisal, spirituality, active coping, and mastery were also associated with resilience. Resilience factors directly salient to physical illness such as self-care, adherence to treatment, health related quality of life, illness perception, pain perception, exercise adherence, and physical outcomes were also found.
These findings need to be considered and when appropriate incorporated into the psychological and psychiatric care of physically ill individuals.
韧性是指个体在面对重大逆境时，包括身体疾病，保持或恢复心理健康的能力。
我们对身体疾病患者的韧性和相关概念进行了系统综述，以确定与预测或促进韧性相关的因素。
使用“韧性”和各种类型的身体疾病等术语，对 1950 年至 2009 年 5 月期间的 PsychInfo、Medline 和 CINAHL 数据库进行了电子检索。纳入标准广泛，排除标准未发表在英文期刊上或未关注身体疾病中的韧性。
共检索到 475 篇文章，其中 52 篇符合纳入/排除标准。与韧性相关的心理因素包括自我效能感、自尊、内部控制点、乐观主义、掌握、坚韧、希望、自我赋权、对疾病的接受和决心。社会支持对韧性具有高度预测性和相关性。应对策略，如积极的认知评价、灵性、积极应对和掌握，也与韧性相关。与身体疾病直接相关的韧性因素，如自我护理、治疗依从性、健康相关生活质量、疾病认知、疼痛认知、锻炼依从性和身体结果，也被发现。
这些发现需要考虑，并在适当情况下纳入身体疾病患者的心理和精神保健中。
