Radiologia, DISC, Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, I-16132 Genoa, Italy.
Eur J Radiol. 2012 Dec;81(12):3824-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.03.102. Epub 2011 May 14.
In newborns, US has an established role in the detection and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Later in childhood, when the limping child is a major diagnostic dilemma, US is extremely helpful in the identification of the varied disease processes underlying this condition, as transient synovitis, septic arthritis, Perthes disease and slipped femoral capital epiphysis. In adolescent practicing sporting activities, US is an excellent means to identify apophyseal injures about the pelvic ring, especially when avulsions are undisplaced and difficult-to-see radiographically. Later on, in the adulthood, US is an effective modality to diagnose tendon and muscle injuries about the hip and pelvis, identify effusion or synovitis within the hip joint or its adjacent bursae and guide the treatment of these findings. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the most common pathologic conditions about the hip, in which the contribution of US is relevant for the diagnostic work-up.
在新生儿中，超声检查在髋关节发育不良的检测和管理中具有明确的作用。在儿童期后期，当跛行儿童成为主要的诊断难题时，超声检查在识别导致这种情况的各种疾病过程方面非常有帮助，例如一过性滑膜炎、化脓性关节炎、股骨头骨骺滑脱和 Perthes 病。在青少年进行体育活动时，超声检查是识别骨盆环周围骺损伤的极好方法，尤其是当骺撕脱未移位且难以在 X 线片上显示时。之后，在成年期，超声检查是诊断髋关节和骨盆周围肌腱和肌肉损伤的有效方式，可以识别髋关节或其相邻滑囊内的积液或滑膜炎，并指导这些病变的治疗。本文的目的是全面回顾髋关节最常见的病变情况，其中超声检查对诊断有重要作用。
