College of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
Rehabil Psychol. 2011 May;56(2):145-9. doi: 10.1037/a0023623.
Individuals with psychiatric disabilities experience 90% unemployment rates; however, individuals experience 61% employment rates when engaged in high-fidelity individual placement and support programs. To build on current research of variables influencing employment outcomes, we hypothesized that an Incentive factor and a Barrier factor are related to employment status. This mixed method study developed the Employment Commitment Measure (ECM) and explored the correlation between employment commitment and employment status.
In our 1st phase of this mixed method study, we developed the ECM consisting of an Incentive factor with 5 items and a Barrier factor with 6 items through community-based participatory research. In our 2nd phase of this mixed method study, 198 randomly picked individuals with psychiatric disabilities completed a demographic survey and the ECM. We completed independent sample t tests with Bonferroni correction, cross-tabulated chi-square analyses, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha tests, a logistic regression, and a slope plotting.
The ECM consists of 11 items, with 5 items loading on an Incentive factor and 6 items loading on a Barrier factor. Results indicated that the Incentive factor scores were associated with employment status and significant differences on Incentive factor scores between employed and unemployed participants. Results indicated nonsignificant differences between employed and unemployed participants by age, education, gender, ethnicity, housing, mental health tenure, and agency tenure.
Our findings indicated incentives for employment may provide a better guide for correlations of and commitment to employment when compared to barriers. We discuss the implications for employment for individuals with psychiatric disabilities.
精神障碍患者的失业率高达 90%；然而，参与高保真个体安置和支持计划的患者的就业率为 61%。为了进一步研究影响就业结果的变量，我们假设激励因素和障碍因素与就业状况有关。这项混合方法研究开发了就业承诺量表（ECM），并探讨了就业承诺与就业状况之间的相关性。
在这项混合方法研究的第一阶段，我们通过社区参与性研究开发了 ECM，包括 5 项激励因素和 6 项障碍因素。在第二阶段，198 名随机挑选的精神障碍患者完成了人口统计学调查和 ECM。我们进行了独立样本 t 检验（Bonferroni 校正）、交叉表卡方分析、验证性因素分析、克朗巴赫 α 检验、逻辑回归和斜率绘图。
ECM 由 11 个项目组成，其中 5 个项目归属于激励因素，6 个项目归属于障碍因素。结果表明，激励因素得分与就业状况相关，并且就业和未就业参与者在激励因素得分上存在显著差异。结果还表明，在年龄、教育程度、性别、种族、住房、心理健康任期和机构任期方面，就业和未就业参与者之间没有显著差异。
我们的研究结果表明，与障碍因素相比，就业激励因素可能为就业相关性和承诺提供更好的指导。我们讨论了这对精神障碍患者就业的影响。
